The Temple of Artemis (Diana) at Ephesus was one of the "Seven Wonders" of the Ancient World. Heemskerck's drawing, from which this engraving was made, dates from the 16th century and is entirely imaginery. Heemskerck had visited Rome. He had seen and drawn St Peter's Basilica under construction. He would have seen buildings in the new Renaissance style, reviving the Classical Orders of ancient Rome. He has tried to imitate that style in his reconstruction of what the Temple of Ephesus might have looked like. It was common practice to show the latest style in building within artworks of a different period, for example the Queen of Sheba might be shown coming out the door of a Renaissance palace.
Source/Photographer
From en:wikipedia.
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Captions
The Temple of Artemis, imagined portrayal in a 16th-century hand-colored engraving by Martin Heemskerck