Italian Wars

Italian Wars
	Part of the French–Habsburg rivalry
	; Detail of a tapestry depicting the Battle of Pavia, woven from a cartoon by Bernard van Orley (c. 1531).
Date	1494–1498; 1499–1501; 1502–1504; 1508–1516; 1521–1530; 1536–1538; 1542–1546; 1551–1559
Location	Italian Peninsula (primarily), France, Germany, Spain, and the Low Countries
Result	Treaties of Noyon and Brussels (1516) French rule in the Duchy of Milan recognized by the Holy Roman Empire; Spanish rule in the Kingdom of Naples recognized by France; Republic of Venice retains the Domini di Terraferma; ; Congress of Bologna (1530) Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor crowned King in Italy; France abandons the Imperial Duchy of Milan and retains Burgundy; Papal States remain independent; Republic of Genoa restored; Republic of Florence becomes a Duchy of the Medici family; ; Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559) Philip II of Spain recognised as Duke of Milan and King of Naples; Henri II of France gains the Three Bishoprics, Calais, and various fortresses; Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I retains the Imperial feudal network in Italy; Savoyard state under Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy; Genoa retains Corsica; Florence annexes Siena; ;
Belligerents
Kingdom of France; Kingdom of England (1526–1528); Ottoman Empire (1536–1559); Variable Italian states;	Holy Roman Empire; Spanish Empire; Kingdom of England (1496–1526; 1542–1559); Variable Italian states;
Commanders and leaders
Charles VIII; Louis XII; Francis I; Henry II; Suleiman I;	Maximilian I; Ferdinand V; Charles V; Ferdinand I; Philip II; Henry VII; Henry VIII; Mary I;

The Italian Wars, often known as the Great Wars of Italy and sometimes as the Habsburg–Valois Wars, were a long series of wars fought between 1494 and 1559 in Italy during the Renaissance.^[1]

The conflicts involved the major powers of Italy and Europe.

Italian Wars Media

Italian wars
Italy after the 1454 Peace of Lodi
ItalyAD
Portrait of Louis XII of France, painting in Windsor Castle
Emperor Maximilian, c. 1508
Pope Julius II, architect of the League of Cambrai
The election of Emperor Charles V meant France was surrounded by Habsburg territories on three sides (Red=Spain, Yellow=Austria)
Francis I of France, whose personal enmity with Charles V was a major factor in the wars
Emperor Charles V, circa 1548
Suleiman the Magnificent, whose alliance with France led to Ottoman intervention in the wars

References

↑ Horodowich, Elizabeth (November 16, 2017). "10". The New World in early modern Italy, 1492-1750. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 174–176. ISBN 9781107122871.

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[Horodowich-1] Horodowich, Elizabeth (November 16, 2017). "10". The New World in early modern Italy, 1492-1750. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 174–176. ISBN 9781107122871.

[1]