Ukrainian language
The Ukrainian language (Ukrainian: українська (мова), transliteration: ukrajins'ka mova) is an Eastern Slavic language. This language is a part of the Indo-European language family.
| Ukrainian | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Pronunciation | [ukrɑˈjinʲsʲkɑ ˈmɔwɑ] | |||
| Native to | Ukraine | |||
| Ethnicity | Ukrainians | |||
| Native speakers | 45 million (2007)ne2007 | |||
| Language family | ||||
| Early forms: | Old East Slavic
| |||
| Writing system | ||||
| Official status | ||||
| Official language in | ||||
| Recognised minority language in | ||||
| Regulated by | National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: Institute for the Ukrainian Language, Ukrainian language-information fund, Potebnya Institute of Language Studies | |||
| Language codes | ||||
| ISO 639-1 | uk | |||
| ISO 639-2 | ukr | |||
| ISO 639-3 | ukr | |||
| Linguasphere |
| |||
 Ukrainian-speaking world | ||||
 Ukrainian language and Ukrainians with their neighbors in the early 20th century. | ||||
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A poem being read in Ukrainian
Ukrainian is the second most spoken Slavic language. It is the official language of Ukraine. There are 37 million speakers in Ukraine. Most of them are native speakers. All over the world there are more than 50 million speakers.
The Ukrainian language is written with Cyrillic letters.
Some words are similar to the Polish language.
Alphabet
The Ukrainian alphabet with transliteration and German transcription:
| Capital letter(HTML-Entity) | Small letter(HTML-Entity) | Academic transliteration |
English transcription |
German transcription |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| А (А) | а (а) | A a | A a | A a |
| Б (Б) | б (б) | B b | B b | B b |
| В (В) | в (в) | V v | V v | W w |
| Г (Г) | г (г) | H h | H h | H h |
| Ґ (Ґ) | ґ (ґ) | G g | G g | G g |
| Д (Д) | д (д) | D d | D d | D d |
| Е (Е) | е (е) | E e | E e | E e |
| Є (Є) | є (є) | Je je | Ye ye | Je je |
| Ж (Ж) | ж (ж) | Ž ž | Zh zh | Sch (Sh) sch (sh) |
| З (З) | з (з) | Z z | Z z | S s |
| И (И) | и (и) | Y y | Y y | Y y |
| І (І) | і (і) | I i | I i | I i |
| Ї (Ї) | ї (ї) | Ji ji | Yi yi | Ji ji |
| Й (Й) | й (й) | J j 1 | Y y | J j |
| К (К) | к (к) | K k | K k (instead ks x) | K k (instead ks x) |
| Л (Л) | л (л) | L l | L l | L l |
| М (М) | м (м) | M m | M m | M m |
| Н (Н) | н (н) | N n | N n | N n |
| О (О) | о (о) | O o | O o | O o |
| П (П) | п (п) | P p | P p | P p |
| Р (Р) | р (р) | R r | R r | R r |
| С (С) | с (с) | S s | S s | S s (between vowels ss) |
| Т (Т) | т (т) | T t | T t | T t |
| У (У) | у (у) | U u | U u | U u |
| Ф (Ф) | ф (ф) | F f | F f | F f |
| Х (Х) | х (х) | Ch ch | Kh, kh | Ch ch |
| Ц (Ц) | ц (ц) | C c | Ts ts | Z z |
| Ч (Ч) | ч (ч) | Č č | Ch ch | Tsch tsch |
| Ш (Ш) | ш (ш) | Š š | Sh sh | Sch sch |
| Щ (Щ) | щ (щ) | Šč šč | Shch shch | Schtsch schtsch (Stsch stsch) |
| Ь (Ь) | ь (ь) | ’ (apostrophe) before vowel j 2 | ’ (apostrophe) before vowel y (Soft sign) | (–) bzw. j |
| Ю (Ю) | ю (ю) | Ju Ju | Yu yu | Ju ju |
| Я (Я) | я (я) | Ja ja | Ya ya | Ja ja |
| ’ | ’ (apostrophe)3 | (–) | (–) |
Ukrainian Language Media
A schematic depiction according to genetic studies by Alena Kushniarevich
"Lenten Triodion" of Kyiv Metropolitan Petro Mohyla, 1646
Percentage of people with Ukrainian as their native language according to 2001 census (by region).
"Moneta Rvssie" coined in 1382 based on groschen
Ukrainian speakers in the Russian Empire (1897)
The Ukrainian text in this Soviet poster reads: "The social base of the USSR is an unbreakable union of the workers, peasants and intelligentsia".
Notes
- 1only before o
- 2only after consonants; a capital letter does not exist; the soft sign ь is not a letter representing a sound, but modifies the sound of the preceding letter, indicating palatalisation ('softening').
- 3an apostrophe (’) is used to mark de-palatalization of the preceding consonant.
References
- ↑ The status of Crimea and of the city of Sevastopol is since March 2014 under dispute between Russia and Ukraine; Ukraine and the majority of the international community consider Crimea to be an autonomous region of Ukraine and Sevastopol to be one of Ukraine's cities with special status, whereas Russia considers Crimea to be a federal subject of Russia and Sevastopol to be one of Russia's three federal cities.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 (Status as of: 21/9/2011)". Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 2012-05-22. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
- ↑ "National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic". Vlada.cz. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
- ↑ "Implementation of the Charter in Hungary". Database for the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
- ↑ Matthew H. Ciscel (December 19, 2008). "Uneasy Compromise: Language and Education in Moldova". International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. 11 (3–4): 373. doi:10.1080/13670050802148756. S2CID 143698116. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
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This language has its own Wikipedia project. See the Ukrainian language edition. |