File:Dorothy Malone - Written on the Wind - Studio Publicity Photo.jpg
Original file (866 × 1,024 pixels, file size: 301 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons. The description on its description page there is shown below.
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Summary
DescriptionDorothy Malone - Written on the Wind - Studio Publicity Photo.jpg |
English: Studio publicity photo of Dorothy Malone |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/59015064@N02/7858438386/ |
Author | Universal International Pictures |
Licensing
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse |
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1977, inclusive, without a copyright notice. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart as well as a detailed definition of "publication" for public art. Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (50 p.m.a.), Mainland China (50 p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 p.m.a.), Mexico (100 p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties.
العربية ∙ беларуская (тарашкевіца) ∙ čeština ∙ Deutsch ∙ Ελληνικά ∙ English ∙ español ∙ français ∙ Bahasa Indonesia ∙ italiano ∙ 日本語 ∙ 한국어 ∙ македонски ∙ Nederlands ∙ português ∙ русский ∙ sicilianu ∙ slovenščina ∙ ไทย ∙ Tiếng Việt ∙ 中文(简体) ∙ 中文(繁體) ∙ +/− |
Additional source information: This is a publicity photo taken to promote a film actor. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):
- "Publicity photos have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:
- "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)
Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:
- "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements. . . [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."[1]
Items portrayed in this file
depicts
1 December 1956
File history
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Date/Time | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 15:26, 16 October 2012 | 866 × 1,024 (301 KB) | J187B | grayscale |
File usage
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Metadata
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Width | 866 px |
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Height | 1,024 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 96 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 96 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS5 Windows |
File change date and time | 00:25, 17 October 2012 |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Date and time of digitizing | 21:10, 16 October 2012 |
Date metadata was last modified | 02:25, 17 October 2012 |
Unique ID of original document | xmp.did:EE7A6C6CE017E211A1EEBA1C487892D0 |
IIM version | 52,943 |