File:Joan Crawford in Humoresque, 1946.jpg
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This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons. The description on its description page there is shown below.
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Summary
| Description |
English: Joan Crawford in a publicity photo for Humoresque (1946) |
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| Source | [1] | |||
| Author | Studio publicity still | |||
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![[1]](https://www.doctormacro.com/Images/Crawford,%20Joan/Annex/Annex%20-%20Crawford,%20Joan%20(Humoresque)_01.jpg){kind=link}
Licensing
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This work is in the public domain because it was published in the United States between 1930 and 1963, and although there may or may not have been a copyright notice, the copyright was not renewed. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart and the copyright renewal logs.
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Copyright details
Additional source information:
English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote a film actor.
- As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary." - Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." - Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible." - Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[2], that:
"[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."
File history
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| Date/Time | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 02:13, 4 October 2019 | 1,170 × 1,458 (854 KB) | Lemonreader | User created page with UploadWizard |
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