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The '''M16''' is an [[assault rifle]] used by the United States since the [[Vietnam War]] in 1963,<ref>Rose, p. 380 & 392</ref> based on the [[AR-15]]. Since 1975, the M16 has been used by many different countries. First designed by [[Eugene Stoner]] in the United States of America, it is currently the standard [[infantry]] rifle used by the United States Military Forces. The rifle is being used by over 80 nations.
The '''M16''' is an [[assault rifle]] used by the United States since the [[Vietnam War]] in 1963,<ref>Rose, p. 380 & 392</ref> based on the [[AR-15]]. Since 1975, the M16 has been used by many different countries. First designed by [[Eugene Stoner]] in the United States of America, although it is currently being replaced by the shorter M4A1 as the standard [[infantry]] rifle used by the United States Military Forces. The rifle and it's variants are still being used by over 80 nations around the world.
The M16 uses the [[5.56mm NATO]] (.223) caliber cartridge, with a [[muzzle velocity]] (the speed of bullet leaving the rifle) of over 900 meters per second (over 3,000 feet per second), and has a maximum effective range of 600 yards,<ref>U.S. Army Field Manual 3-22.9 Rifle Marksmanship Chapter 2</ref> with a [[rate of fire]] (how fast the gun shoots) of approximately 800 rounds per minute. The M16A1 can shoot semi automatic and fully automatic fire. The M16A2 can shoot semi automatic and three-round-burst fire. The M4A1 Carbine retains full automatic and semi automatic fire. The M16 normally holds 30 cartridges in its [[magazine (firearms)|magazine]], but there are variants of the magazine that hold only 20 or 10 cartridges.
The M16 uses the [[5.56mm NATO]] (.223) caliber cartridge, with a [[muzzle velocity]] (the speed of bullet leaving the rifle) of over 900 meters per second (over 3,000 feet per second), and has a maximum effective range of 600 yards,<ref>U.S. Army Field Manual 3-22.9 Rifle Marksmanship Chapter 2</ref> with a [[rate of fire]] (how fast the gun shoots) of approximately 800 rounds per minute. The M16A1 can shoot semi automatic and fully automatic fire. The M16A2 can shoot semi automatic and three-round-burst fire. The M4A1 Carbine retains full automatic and semi automatic fire. The M16 normally holds 30 cartridges in its [[magazine (firearms)|magazine]], but there are variants of the magazine that hold only 20 or 10 cartridges.