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[[File:Windmills D1-D4 - Thornton Bank.jpg|thumb| Engineers from different fields worked together to make [[wind turbine]]s at sea]]
'''Engineering''' is the use of [[science]] and [[math]] to design or make things.  People who do engineering are called [[engineer]]s.  They learn engineering at a [[college]] or [[university]].  Engineers usually [[design]] or build things.  Some engineers also use [[science]], [[mathematics]], and other [[skill]]s to solve problems in [[technology]].  There are different types of engineers that design everything from [[computers]] and [[buildings]] to watches and [[websites]].  People have been creating and engineering things for thousands of years.  Some  become engineering [[manager]]s.
== Specialties ==
Engineering is a big subject. Here are a few of the many types of engineers:

* [[aerospace engineering|Aerospace engineers]] design space vehicles or airplanes.
* [[biomedical engineering|Biomedical engineers]] design and work with medical equipment.
* Ceramic engineers create objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials.
* [[chemical engineering|Chemical engineers]] use chemicals to make products like drugs and medicines or fertilizers for crops.
* [[civil engineering|Civil engineers]] work on roads, bridges, buildings and other public structures.
* [[computer engineering|Computer engineers]] design or improve computers (including [[embedded system]]s and their parts).
* [[electrical engineering|Electrical engineers]] work with [[electricity]] and design electrical equipment, from small things like radios and computers to large things like [[electric power transmission]] systems.
* [[electronic engineering|Electronic engineers]] work with [[electronics]], which are used to build computer parts and electrical equipment.
* [[environment|Environmental engineers]] design and implement ways to remediate and restore the environment.
* [[manufacturing engineering|Manufacturing engineers]] design and improve the machines and [[assembly line]]<nowiki/>s that make things.  They work with robots and [[automation]] and ways to help companies work faster and better with fewer mistakes.
* [[mechanical engineering|Mechanical engineers]] design machines or things that move, like cars and trains. A mechanical engineer also might help design electricity generating stations, oil refineries, and factories.
* [[mechatronics engineering|Mechatronics engineers]] work in multiple fields of engineering that include mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, [[telecommunication]]s engineering, [[control engineering]] and computer engineering.
* [[Marine Engineering|Marine engineers]] design, build, test and repair boats, ships, underwater craft, focusing primarily on their internal systems.
* [[nanotechnology|Nanotechnology engineers]] study very small things, like strings of atoms and how they are put together.
* [[nuclear engineering|Nuclear engineers]] design and build nuclear plants. They also study the characteristic behaviors of certain radioactive or unstable elements.
* [[Structural engineering|Structural engineers]] work on [[design]] and [[analysis]] of [[building]]s and other large [[structure]]s to withstand both the [[gravity]] and [[wind]] loads as well as [[natural disaster]]s.
* [[software engineering|Software engineers]] design and write programs for computers.
* [[systems engineering|Systems engineers]] look at how complicated things work and try to make them faster and smarter.
Engineers do not only work with machines.  They also work a lot with other people.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.niee.org/nafta.html |title=Principles of Ethical conduct in Engineering Practice Under The North American Free Trade Agreement |access-date=2011-03-04 |archive-date=2010-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730044651/http://www.niee.org/nafta.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Many engineering projects are large and very complicated. Often [[Interdisciplinarity|different kinds]] of engineers work together and help each other. As an example, computer engineers need help from electrical engineers to build a computer. The computer needs programs written by software engineers. The computer could be used by aerospace engineers to control an airplane. An airplane is a big mechanical system with many parts, so a mechanical engineer and a systems engineer are also needed.
== Study ==
Most (but not all) engineers have had years of training. Much of their training involves learning to work within limited [[Budget|budgetary]] and material constraints (limits).
== American courses ==
In the [[United States]], most engineers go to a college or university to get an engineering degree. Most people go to school for four years to get a [[bachelor's degree]] in engineering. A Master's Degree is an advanced degree, usually requiring two more years of study after the Bachelors. A person with a [[master's degree]] is eligible to enter a Doctoral program in engineering. A graduate of a Doctoral program is awarded a [[Doctor of Philosophy]] degree, which is commonly called a PhD. A PhD in engineering requires three or four years of study after a master's degree, and includes the completion of a long research report called a dissertation. After having gained enough work experience, one can sit for their Professional Engineer's (PE) License, reinforcing their demonstrated proficiency in their specialty.
== British courses ==
In the [[United Kingdom]], engineering degrees at universities are either three year BEng (Bachelor of Engineering) or four year MEng (Master of Engineering). In many universities it is common to take only one engineering discipline (e.g. aeronautical or civil engineering) although some universities have a general engineering degree. British universities may also offer Doctoral programs as a doctor of philosophy (PhD) or a doctor of engineering (EngD).  Engineers of all disciplines have common approaches to solving problems including teamwork, communication, and an Iterative  design process.

Engineers can also get additional recognition in the form of becoming Chartered. A chartered engineer is one who has his degree or doctorate has been recognised by a group of professionals such as the IET (Institute of Engineering and Technology), IMechE (Institution of Mechanical Engineers), IChemE (Institution of Chemical Engineers) or ICE (Institution of Civil Engineers). Experience and responsibility enables a further step of recognition by becoming a Fellow of these institutions.
== French courses ==
The best way to become an engineer in France is to take the CPGE (Classe Préparatoire pour les [[Grande école|Grandes Écoles]] is the French class for engineer's school) for two years and then study for three years in an "École d'Ingénieur" (Engineer's school).
You can also study in an IUT (Institut universitaire technologique) for two years, and then study three years in an "École d'Ingénieur".

== Engineering Media ==
<gallery widths='160px' heights='100%' mode='traditional' caption=''>
File:Maquina vapor Watt ETSIIM.jpg|The [[steam engine]], the major driver in the [[Industrial Revolution]], underscores the importance of engineering in modern history. This [[beam engine]] is on display in the [[Technical University of Madrid]].

File:Grondplan citadel Lille.JPG|[[Raised-relief map|Relief map]] of the [[Citadel of Lille]], designed in 1668 by [[Vauban]], the foremost military engineer of his age

File:Agricola1.jpg|A water-powered [[mine hoist]] used for raising ore, Germany, {{circa|1556}}

File:The world's first iron bridge.jpg|The application of the steam engine allowed coke to be substituted for charcoal in [[iron]] making, lowering the cost of iron, which provided engineers with a new material for building bridges. This bridge was made of [[cast iron]], which was soon displaced by less brittle [[wrought iron]] as a structural material.

File:Pan_Am_Boeing_747-121_N732PA_Bidini.jpg|:Pan_Am_Boeing__NPA_Bidini

File:Gulf Offshore Platform.jpg|Offshore platform, [[Gulf of Mexico]]

File:Four solaire 001.jpg|The [[Odeillo solar furnace|solar furnace at Odeillo]] in the [[Pyrénées-Orientales]] in [[France]] can reach temperatures up to {{convert|3500|C|F}}.

File:Hoover dam from air.jpg|[[Hoover Dam]] is regarded as a major accomplishment in civil engineering

File:Dampfturbine Montage01.jpg|Design of a [[turbine]] requires collaboration of engineers from many fields, as the system involves mechanical, electro-magnetic and chemical processes. The [[turbine blade|blades]], [[Stator (electric machines)|rotor and stator]] as well as the [[steam cycle]] all need to be carefully designed and optimized.
</gallery>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== Other websites ==
{{Wiktionary|engineering}}
{{commonscat}}
* [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Engineering Engineering] Citizendium
[[Category:Engineering| ]]