Actinobacteria
The Actinobacteria, or Actinomycetota are a group of Gram-positive bacteria. They grow on land or in water.[1] They include some of the most common life forms in soil, playing important roles in the decomposition of organic matter and humus formation. Fungi also play the same role, so some Actinobacteria like Streptomyces were originally classified as fungi. Actinobacteria colonies form branching threads called mycelia. This feature was another reason for the wrongful classification of the actinomycetes, for example, as fungi.
| Actinobacteria | |
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| Actinomyces israelii. | |
| Scientific classification | |
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| Phylum: | Actinobacteria Margulis, 1900
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Some species live in a mutual resource exchange with the roots of plants, such as Frankia, while other species can cause disease, such as the genus Mycobacterium and the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Actinobacteria contains one of the largest bacterial genera, Streptomyces, which contributes to maintaining the acidity and basicity levels of the soil.[2] They are also important sources of antibiotics,[3] as well as antifungals,[4] antivirals, and numerous other medicines. They are also very useful in agriculture,[5] as they can be used in insecticides and herbicides, among various other substances.[6] Other Actinobacteria species, such as the genus Bifidobacterium, are commonly found in the intestines of infants[7] and are less common in adults.[8]
Some Actinobacteria found in Siberia or Antarctica are considered the oldest on Earth, frozen around half a million years ago.[9]
References
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Wikispecies has information on: Actinobacteria. |
- ↑ Servin, J. A.. Evidence Excluding the Root of the Tree of Life from the Actinobacteria. Molecular Biology and Evolution 25 (1) (13 November 2007). p. 1–4. doi:10.1093/molbev/msm249. Retrieved 2022-07-21.
- ↑ Ningthouja, Debananda S.. Screening of Actinomycete Isolates from Niche Habitats in Manipur for Antibiotic Activity. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 5 (4) (1 April 2009). p. 221–225. doi:10.3844/ajbbsp.2009.221.225.
- ↑ Mahajan, Girish Badrinath. Antibacterial Agents from Actinomycetes - A Review. Frontiers in Bioscience E4 (1) (2012). p. 240–253. doi:10.2741/e373.
- ↑ Gupte, M.. Antifungal antibiotics. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 58 (1) (1 January 2002). p. 46–57. doi:10.1007/s002530100822.
- ↑ Bressan, Wellington. Biological control of maize seed pathogenic fungi by use of actinomycetes. BioControl 48 (2) (2003). p. 233–240. doi:10.1023/A:1022673226324.
- ↑ Atta, Houssam M.. Biochemical studies on antibiotic production from Streptomyces sp.: Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological properties. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 19 (1) (January 2015). p. 12–22. doi:10.1016/j.jscs.2011.12.011.
- ↑ Turroni, Francesca. Diversity of Bifidobacteria within the Infant Gut Microbiota. PLOS ONE 7 (5) (11 May 2012). p. e36957. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036957.
- ↑ Pinzone, Marilia Rita. Microbial Translocation in Chronic Liver Diseases. International Journal of Microbiology 2012 (2012). p. 694629. doi:10.1155/2012/694629.
- ↑ Johnson, Sarah Stewart. Ancient bacteria show evidence of DNA repair. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (36) (4 September 2007). p. 14401–14405. doi:10.1073/pnas.0706787104.