Antipope
Antipope is a term of the Roman Catholic Church in the context of its official list of popes.[1] An antipope is not included in the list of popes in the Vatican's annual directory, Annuario Pontificio[2]
An antipope is a pretender who falsely claims to be pope or who wrongly opposes the legitimate and recognized pope.[3]
The existence or claims of an antipope produces a schism in the Roman Catholic Church. A conflict is caused by those who are opposing the authority of the pope.[4]
List of antipopes
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- Hippolytus 2nd century[5]
- Novatian (251)[6]
- Felix II (355-365)[7]
- Anastasius (855)[8]
- Pope Leo VIII (956-963)[9]
- Boniface VII (974)[10]
- John XVI (10th century)[11]
- Gregory VI (1012)[12]
- Benedict X (1058)[13]
- Honorius II (1061-72)[14]
- Clement III (1080-1100)[15]
- Gregory VIII (1118)[16]
- Anacletus II (1130-38)[17]
- Victor IV (1159-64)[18]
- Pascal III (1164-68)[19]
- Clement VII (1378-1394)[20]
- Felix V (1439-1449)[21]
References
- ↑ "List of Popes," Catholic Encyclopedia (2009); retrieved 2011-11-8.
- ↑ Curia Romana. (2008). Annuario Pontificio, p. 12; excerpt, "... we come across elections in which problems of harmonising historical criteria and those of theology and canon law make it impossible to decide clearly which side possessed the legitimacy whose factual existence guarantees the unbroken lawful succession of the successors of Saint Peter. The uncertainty that in some cases results has made it advisable to abandon the assignation of successive numbers in the list of the popes."
- ↑ "Antipope" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.
- ↑ Lieber, Francis (1835). Encyclopædia Americana: A Popular Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature, History, Politics, and Biography, Brought Down to the Present Time; Including a Copious Collection of Original Articles in American Biography; on the Basis of the Seventh Edition of the German Conversations-lexicon. Desilver, Thomas, & Company. p. 280.
- ↑ "Hippolytus" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.
- ↑ "Novatian and Novatianism" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.
- ↑ "Felix II" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.
- ↑ "Anastasius Bibliothecarius" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.
- ↑ "Pope Leo VIII" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.
- ↑ "Boniface VII (Antipope)" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.
- ↑ "John XVI (XVII)" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.
- ↑ "Gregory VI (Antipope)" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.
- ↑ "Pope Benedict X" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.
- ↑ "Cadalus" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.
- ↑ "Guibert of Ravenna" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.
- ↑ "Gregory VIII" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.
- ↑ "Anacletus II" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.
- ↑ "Victor IV" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.
- ↑ "Paschal III" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.
- ↑ "Robert of Geneva" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.
- ↑ "Felix V" Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-8.