Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis is the production of complex molecules within living organisms or cells. Biosynthesis takes simple molecules and turns them into bigger molecules.
Properties
Biosynthesis happens because of chemical reactions. Biosynthesis needs these things to happen:[1]
- Precursor molecules: Precursor molecules are the starting molecules in biosynthesis.
- Chemical energy: Energy is needed to turn the precursor molecules into the result.
- Catalytic enzymes: Enzymes help the reactions go faster. Enzymes also lower the energy needed.
- Coenzymes: Coenzymes help the chemical reactions.
Biosynthesis Media
This is an introduction to the concept of the lipid bilayer, the material that makes up cell membranes.
Phosphatidic acid synthesis
self-made in Chemdraw. correction of the previous figure, Sphingosine_synthesis.png which had incorrect stereochemistry.*dihydrosphingosine is first N-acylated to dihydroceramide before dehydrogenation to ceramide
Cholesterol synthesis pathway
The synthesis of IMP.
Uridine monophosphate (UMP) biosynthesis
'Thymidylate synthase reaction: dUMP + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate ⇔ dTMP + dihydrofolate
Ctp synthase mechanism: UTP + ATP + glutamine ⇔ CTP + ADP + glutamate
As DNA polymerase moves in a 3' to 5' direction along the template strand, it synthesizes a new strand in the 5' to 3' direction
General structure of L-amino acids
References
- ↑ Alberts, Bruce (2008). Molecular Biology of the Cell (5th ed.). New York: Garland Science. ISBN 978-0815341055.