File:Papyrus document containing signature of Cleopatra VII of Egypt.jpg

Papyrus_document_containing_signature_of_Cleopatra_VII_of_Egypt.jpg(750 × 525 pixels, file size: 217 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

Commons-logo.svg This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons. The description on its description page there is shown below.
Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. You can help.

Summary

Description
English: Duane W. Roller (2010, p. 134) provides a description of this papyrus document from late Ptolemaic Egypt, dated to the reign of Cleopatra VII:

In February 33 B.C. she approved an order granting certain tax exemptions to Publius Canidius Crassus, who had been with Antonius for a decade and would be senior commander of the land forces at Actium. The relevant document is a papyrus recovered from mummy wrappings and first published in the year 2000. Canidius was allowed to import 10,000 artabas of wheat and 5,000 amphoras of wine tax free, and the lands that he owned in Egypt were also exempt. What has excited interest is the subscript in a different hand: γινέσθωι ("make it happen"). There is little doubt that this is the writing of the queen herself, as there was a tradition in Ptolemaic Egypt of countersigning by the monarch, in part to avoid forgery of official documents. This autograph of Cleopatra VII certainly is one of the more exciting discoveries of recent years: the only other known royal autographs from antiquity are of Ptolemy X and Theodosios II, both somewhat less interesting than the queen. The document also indicates the dichotomy that still existed at the very end of the Ptolemaic era between the rulers (and their Roman allies) and the ruled, where the former continued to obtain special privileges.

العربية: وثيقة من ورق البردي مؤرخة في 33 فبراير قبل الميلاد تمنح إعفاءات ضريبية لشخص في مصر وتحتوي على توقيع كليوباترا مكتوبًا بواسطة مسؤول، تذكر الوثيقة عبارة "اجعل الأمر يحدث"أو "هكذا فليكن" أضيفت باللغة اليونانية، ومن المحتمل أنه خط يد كليوباترا

Source: *Roller, Duane W. (2010) Cleopatra: a biography[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-536553-5
Date February 33 BC
Source "KLEOPATRA THE GREAT" LYTHAM ST ANNES CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION (4 March 2018)
Author Ancient Ptolemaic-period scribe(s) as well as Cleopatra VII of Egypt who offered her signature on the document

Licensing

This is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional, public domain work of art. The work of art itself is in the public domain for the following reason:
Public domain

This work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 100 years or fewer.


This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before January 1, 1929.

This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.
The official position taken by the Wikimedia Foundation is that "faithful reproductions of two-dimensional public domain works of art are public domain".
This photographic reproduction is therefore also considered to be in the public domain in the United States. In other jurisdictions, re-use of this content may be restricted; see Reuse of PD-Art photographs for details.
Annotations
InfoField
This image is annotated: View the annotations at Commons

Captions

Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents

Items portrayed in this file

depicts

85 millimetre

image/jpeg

File history

Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.

Date/TimeDimensionsUserComment
current16:03, 21 May 2023750 × 525 (217 KB)Artanisena bit higher resolution (same source)

The following page uses this file: