Forty-seven Ronin

Graves of the Forty-seven Ronin at Sengaku-ji.

The revenge of the Forty-seven Ronin took place in Japan at the start of the 18th century. It describes a historical event, but there is a lot of fiction added to the story too.

The story tells of a group of samurai who were left leaderless (becoming ronin) after their daimyo (lord) Asano Naganori had to kill himself by committing seppuku (ritual suicide). He had to do this because he assaulted a court official named Kira Yoshinaka. The ronin waited and planned almost two years, and then killed Kira to avenge their master's honour. They delivered Kira's head to Asano's grave. After that, the ronin had to kill themselves by committing seppuku as they had committed the crime of murder.

One noted Japanese scholar described the tale, the most famous example of the samurai code of honor, bushidō, as the country's "national legend."

Members

The 47 ronin's names are below

1. Ōishi Kuranosuke Yoshio/Yoshitaka (大石 内蔵助 良雄)
2. Ōishi Chikara Yoshikane (大石 主税 良金)
3. Hara Sōemon Mototoki (原 惣右衛門 元辰)
4. Kataoka Gengoemon Takafusa (片岡 源五右衛門 高房)
5. Horibe Yahei Kanamaru/Akizane (堀部 弥兵衛 金丸)
6. Horibe Yasubei Taketsune (堀部 安兵衛 武庸)
7. Yoshida Chūzaemon Kanesuke (吉田 忠左衛門 兼亮)
8. Yoshida Sawaemon Kanesada (吉田 沢右衛門 兼貞)
9. Chikamatsu Kanroku Yukishige (近松 勘六 行重)
10. Mase Kyūdayū Masaaki (間瀬 久太夫 正明)
11. Mase Magokurō Masatoki (間瀬 孫九郎 正辰)
12. Akabane Genzō Shigekata (赤埴 源蔵 重賢)
13. Ushioda Matanojō Takanori (潮田 又之丞 高教)
14. Tominomori Sukeemon Masayori (富森 助右衛門 正因)
15. Fuwa Kazuemon Masatane (不破 数右衛門 正種)
16. Okano Kin'emon Kanehide (岡野 金右衛門 包秀)
17. Onodera Jūnai Hidekazu (小野寺 十内 秀和)
18. Onodera Kōemon Hidetomi (小野寺 幸右衛門 秀富)
19. Kimura Okaemon Sadayuki (木村 岡右衛門 貞行)
20. Okuda Magodayū Shigemori (奥田 孫太夫 重盛)
21. Okuda Sadaemon Yukitaka (奥田 貞右衛門 行高)
22. Hayami Tōzaemon Mitsutaka (早水 藤左衛門 満尭)
23. Yada Gorōemon Suketake (矢田 五郎右衛門 助武)
24. Ōishi Sezaemon Nobukiyo (大石 瀬左衛門 信清)
25. Isogai Jūrōzaemon Masahisa (礒貝 十郎左衛門 正久)
26. Hazama Kihei Mitsunobu (間 喜兵衛 光延)
27. Hazama Jūjirō Mitsuoki (間 十次郎 光興)
28. Hazama Shinrokurō Mitsukaze (間 新六郎 光風)
29. Nakamura Kansuke Masatoki (中村 勘助 正辰)
30. Senba Saburobei Mitsutada (千馬 三郎兵衛 光忠)
31. Sugaya Hannojō Masatoshi (菅谷 半之丞 政利)
32. Muramatsu Kihei Hidenao (村松 喜兵衛 秀直)
33. Muramatsu Sandayū Takanao (村松 三太夫 高直)
34. Kurahashi Densuke Takeyuki (倉橋 伝助 武幸)
35. Okajima Yasoemon Tsuneshige (岡島 八十右衛門 常樹)
36. Ōtaka Gengo Tadao/Tadatake (大高 源五 忠雄)
37. Yatō Emoshichi Norikane (矢頭 右衛門七 教兼)
38. Katsuta Shinzaemon Taketaka (勝田 新左衛門 武尭)
39. Takebayashi Tadashichi Takashige (武林 唯七 隆重)
40. Maebara Isuke Munefusa (前原 伊助 宗房)
41. Kaiga Yazaemon Tomonobu (貝賀 弥左衛門 友信)
42. Sugino Jūheiji Tsugifusa (杉野 十平次 次房)
43. Kanzaki Yogorō Noriyasu (神崎 与五郎 則休)
44. Mimura Jirōzaemon Kanetsune (三村 次郎左衛門 包常)
45. Yakokawa Kanbei Munetoshi (横川 勘平 宗利)
46. Kayano Wasuke Tsunenari (茅野 和助 常成)
47. Terasaka Kichiemon Nobuyuki (寺坂 吉右衛門 信行)

Gallery

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  Incense burns at the graves of the Forty-seven Ronin at Sengaku-ji.

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  Woodcut by Kunisada depicting the attack (early 1800s).

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  Postcard depicting the attack, early 1920s.

Forty-seven Ronin Media

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  Ukiyo-e print depicting Asano Naganori's assault on Kira Yoshinaka in the Matsu no Ōrōka of Edo Castle

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  Memorial stone marking the site of the Matsu no Ōrōka (Great Corridor of Pines) in Edo Castle, where Asano attacked Kira

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  Ukiyo-e showing Ōishi signaling an attack by beating a drum. By Tsukioka Yoshitoshi.

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  The rōnin, on their way back to Sengaku-ji, are halted in the street, and invited in for rest and refreshment.

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  Painting of Ōishi Yoshio committing seppuku

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  Memorial to the unswerving loyalty of Ōishi Yoshio and the others, at the site where they died

References

• Allyn, John. (1981). The Forty-Seven Ronin Story. New York.
• Dickens, Frederick V. (1930) Chushingura, or The Loyal League. London.
• Forbes, Andrew ; Henley, David (2012). Forty-Seven Ronin: Tsukioka Yoshitoshi Edition. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN: B00ADQGLB8
• Forbes, Andrew ; Henley, David (2012). Forty-Seven Ronin: Utagawa Kuniyoshi Edition. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN: B00ADQM8II
• Keene, Donald. (1971). Chushingura: A Puppet Play. New York.
• Mitford, Algernon Bertram Freeman-Mitford, Lord Redesdale (1871). Tales of Old Japan. London: University of Michigan.
• Robinson, B.W. (1982). Kuniyoshi: The Warrior Prints. Ithaca.
• Sato, Hiroaki. (1995). Legends of the Samurai. New York.
• Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822. London.
• Steward, Basil. (1922). Subjects Portrayed in Japanese Colour-Prints. New York.
• Titsingh, Isaac. (1820). Mémoires et Anecdotes sur la Dynastie régnante des Djogouns, Souverains du Japon. Paris: Nepveu.
• Weinberg, David R. et al. (2001). Kuniyoshi: The Faithful Samurai. Leiden.

Other websites

• Robson, Lucia St. Clair (1991) The Tokaido Road. Forge Books. New York.
• Chushingura and the Samurai Tradition – Comparisons of the accuracy of accounts by Mitford, Murdoch and others, as well as much other useful material, by a noted scholars of Japan
• Ako's Forty-Seven Samurai – Web site produced by students at Ako High School; contains the story of the 47 ronin's story, and images of wooden votive tablets of the 47 ronin in the Oishi Shrine, Ako
• The Trouble with Terasaka: The Forty-Seventh Ronin and the Chushingura Imagination Archived 2013-11-02 at the Wayback Machine by Henry D. Smith II, Japan Review, 2004, 16:3-65
• Well photos Archived 2013-12-24 at the Wayback Machine – The well where 47 ronin washed the head of Kira
• Five different woodblock print versions of the story by Ando Hiroshige Archived 2005-08-06 at the Wayback Machine
• National Diet Library: photograph of Sengaku-ji (1893); photograph of Sengaku-ji (1911)
• Yoshitoshi, 47 Ronin series (1860)