Ghurid dynasty

Ghurid dynasty
Ghurid dynasty
786–1215
	Map of Ghurid territory, before the assassination of Muhammad of Ghor.
Capital	Firozkoh; Herat; Ghazni (1170s–1215)
Common languages	Persian (court, literature)
Religion	Before 1011:; Paganism; From 1011:; Sunni Islam
Government	Hereditary monarchy; Diarchy (1173–1206)
Malik/Sultan
• 8th-century	Amir Banji (first)
• 1214–1215	Zia al-Din Ali (last)
History
•	786
•	1215
Area
1200 est.	2,000,000 km2 (770,000 sq mi)
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Ghaznavids
	Great Seljuq Empire
	Chahamanas of Shakambhari
	Gahadavala dynasty
Khwarazmian Empire
Khalji dynasty of Bengal
Delhi Sultanate
Qarlughids

The Ghūrids, or Ghorids (Persian ; سلطنت غوريان self-designation: شنسبانیcode: ps is deprecated , Shansabānī), were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Eastern Iranian origin from the Ghurid region of present-day central Afghanistan, but the exact ethnic origin is uncertain although they are commonly said to have been Eastern Iranian Pashtuns.^[12]

The dynasty later converted to Sunni Islam ^[13]^[10] after the conquest of Ghor by the Ghaznavid sultan Mahmud of Ghazni in 1011. The dynasty overthrew the Ghaznavid Empire in 1186 when Sultan Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad of Ghor conquered the last Ghaznavid capital of Lahore.^[14]

Ghurid Dynasty Media

Gold Dinar of Muhammad of Ghor, dated AH 601 (1204/5 CE), struck in Ghazni.
The Ghurids originated from Ghor Province in central Afghanistan.
Fortress and Ghurid arch of Qala-e-Bost as printed on an Afghan banknote.
The last stand of Rajputs, depicting the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192
Bengal coinage of Turkic general Bakhtiyar Khalji (1204–1206 CE). Struck in the name of Muhammad of Ghor, dated Samvat 1262 (1204 CE).
Indian depiction of a "Ghurid tyrant". Copy of the Bustan of Sa‘di (1257), made in Mandu, Malwa Sultanate, India, c. 1500
Ornamental bands on the Minaret of Jam, bearing the 19th Sura of the Koran.
Ewer inscribed in the name of Mahmud b. Muhammad al-Harawi Khurasan, at Herat, and dated A.H. Sha'ban 577 (December 10, 1181–January 7, 1182). Georgian National Museum. Exhibit "Court and Cosmos: The Great Age of the Seljuqs" (2016), Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Ghurids (Ghur & Ghazna). Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad. AH 558–599 AD 1163–1203. Baldat Herat mint. Dated AH 599 (AD 1202–3).
Coin of Muhammad of Ghor, AH 599–602 1171–1206 CE

References

↑ Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical Atlas of South Asia. Oxford University Press, Digital South Asia Library. p. 147, Map "g". Archived from the original on 2021-06-05. Retrieved 2024-11-02.
↑ Eaton 2019, p. 38.
↑ Bosworth, C.E. (1 January 1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. UNESCO. pp. 432–433. ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1.
↑ Auer 2021, p. 6.
↑ Firuzkuh: the summer capital of the Ghurids Archived 6 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, by David Thomas, p. 18.
↑ The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture: Three-volume set, by Jonathan Bloom, Sheila Blair, p. 108.
↑ The Development of Persian Culture under the Early Ghaznavids, C.E. Bosworth, Iran, Vol. 6, (1968), 35;;"Like the Ghaznavids whom they supplanted, the Ghurids had their court poets, and these wrote in Persian"
↑ O'Neal 2015.
↑ Minorsky, Vladmir (1970). Ḥudūd al-'Ālam, "The Regions of the World,". Leningrad: University Press, Oxford. p. 110. ISBN 9780906094037.
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 The Ghurids, K.A. Nizami, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol.4, Part 1, ed. M.S. Asimov and C.E. Bosworth, (Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1999), 178.
↑ Bang, Peter Fibiger; Bayly, C. A.; Scheidel, Walter (2020). The Oxford World History of Empire: Volume One: The Imperial Experience. Oxford University Press. pp. 92–94. ISBN 978-0-19-977311-4.
↑ Bosworth 2001b, pp. 586–590.
↑ Satish Chandra, Medieval India:From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526), Part 1, (Har-Anand Publications, 2006), 22.
↑ Kingdoms of South Asia – Afghanistan in Far East Kingdoms: Persia and the East

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[JS-1] Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical Atlas of South Asia. Oxford University Press, Digital South Asia Library. p. 147, Map "g". Archived from the original on 2021-06-05. Retrieved 2024-11-02.

[FOOTNOTEEaton201938-2] Eaton 2019, p. 38.

[3] Bosworth, C.E. (1 January 1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. UNESCO. pp. 432–433. ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1.

[FOOTNOTEAuer20216-4] Auer 2021, p. 6.

[Heratcapital-5] Firuzkuh: the summer capital of the Ghurids Archived 6 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, by David Thomas, p. 18.

[Ghazcapital-6] The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture: Three-volume set, by Jonathan Bloom, Sheila Blair, p. 108.

[7] The Development of Persian Culture under the Early Ghaznavids, C.E. Bosworth, Iran, Vol. 6, (1968), 35;;"Like the Ghaznavids whom they supplanted, the Ghurids had their court poets, and these wrote in Persian"

[FOOTNOTEO.27Neal2015-8] O'Neal 2015.

[9] Minorsky, Vladmir (1970). Ḥudūd al-'Ālam, "The Regions of the World,". Leningrad: University Press, Oxford. p. 110. ISBN 9780906094037.

[Nizami178-10] 10.0 ^10.1 The Ghurids, K.A. Nizami, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol.4, Part 1, ed. M.S. Asimov and C.E. Bosworth, (Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1999), 178.

[OxfordArea-11] Bang, Peter Fibiger; Bayly, C. A.; Scheidel, Walter (2020). The Oxford World History of Empire: Volume One: The Imperial Experience. Oxford University Press. pp. 92–94. ISBN 978-0-19-977311-4.

[FOOTNOTEBosworth2001b586.E2.80.93590-12] Bosworth 2001b, pp. 586–590.

[Chandra-13] Satish Chandra, Medieval India:From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526), Part 1, (Har-Anand Publications, 2006), 22.

[14] Kingdoms of South Asia – Afghanistan in Far East Kingdoms: Persia and the East

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