Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a disease that causes damage to the eye. If a person who has glaucoma does not get help from a doctor, they will not be able to see.
This disease happens because of increased pressure in the eye. The pressure causes damage to the optic nerve. This can cause loss of vision, and may also be painful.
Sometimes, it is hard for a person to know that they have glaucoma. The vision can be lost very slowly. When sight is lost from glaucoma, it cannot be recovered.
There are two kinds of glaucoma, the kind that happens very fast, and the kind that happens slowly, over a long time.
Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness in the world.
Genetic component
There is often a hereditary tendency to glaucoma. A family history of glaucoma is a risk factor. The relative risk of having what is called "primary open-angle glaucoma" (POAG) is increased about two- to four-fold for people who have a sibling with glaucoma.[1] Glaucoma, particularly primary open-angle glaucoma, is associated with mutations in several different genes
Also, the likelihood of it happening is different in different populations.[2] Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness in African Americans, who have higher rates of primary open angle glaucoma.[3]
Glaucoma Media
Photo showing conjunctival vessels dilated at the corneal edge (ciliary flush, circumcorneal flush) and hazy cornea characteristic of acute angle closure glaucoma
Laser Doppler imaging reveals arterial blood flow reversal in neovascular glaucoma. The color change of the Doppler image in the central retinal artery during the cardiac cycle indicates arterial flow reversal.
Human eye cross-sectional view
Optic nerve in advanced glaucoma disease
Glaucoma (right eye) with significant optic disc involvement. 80-year-old man. Optic disc topography.
Bjerrums area and types of scotomas on the visual field
Goldmann visual field record showing a superior arcuate scotoma often seen with glaucoma
A scene as it might be viewed by a person with retinitis pigmentosa.
Conventional surgery to treat glaucoma makes a new opening in the trabecular meshwork, which helps fluid to leave the eye and lowers intraocular pressure.
Disability-adjusted life year for glaucoma per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004* no data* fewer than 20* 20–43* 43–66* 66–89* 89–112* 112–135* 135–158* 158–181* 181–204* 204–227* 227–250* more than 250*Scientists track eye movements in glaucoma patients to check vision impairment while driving
References
- ↑ Myron Yanoff & Jay S. Duker 2009. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed, Mosby Elsevier, p. 1096. ISBN 9780323043328
- ↑ Wang N, Wu H, Fan Z. 2002. Primary angle closure glaucoma in Chinese and Western populations. Chin Med J. 115 (11): 1706–15. [1]
- ↑ Sommer, Alfred et al 1991. Racial differences in the cause-specific prevalence of blindness in East Baltimore. New England Journal of Medicine 325 (20) 1412–1417. [2]