Great Wall
The Great Walls are the largest known structures in the universe. They are based on data set mapping of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The mapping found an unusually high concentration of similarly distanced GRBs in certain areas.[1][2]
Structures larger than 1,200,000,000 light years are incompatible with the cosmological principle according to all estimates.
| Structure name (year discovered) |
Maximum dimension (in light years) |
Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall (2014)[3] | 10,000,000,000[1][2][4] | Discovered through gamma-ray burst mapping, and is the first structure to exceed 10 billion light years. |
| Giant GRB Ring (2015)[5] | 5,600,000,000[5] | Discovered through gamma-ray burst mapping. Largest known regular formation in the observable Universe.[5] |
| Huge-LQG (2012-2013) | 4,000,000,000[6][7][8] | Decoupling of 73 quasars. Largest known large quasar group and the first structure found to exceed 3 billion light years. |
| U1.11 LQG (2011) | 2,500,000,000 | Involves 38 quasars. Adjacent to the Clowes-Campusano LQG. |
| Clowes-Campusano LQG (1991) | 2,000,000,000 | Grouping of 34 quasars. Discovered by Roger Clowes and Luis Campusano. |
| Sloan Great Wall (2003) | 1,370,000,000 | Discovered through the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. |
| Pisces-Cetus Supercluster Complex (1987) | 1,000,000,000 | Contains the Milky Way, and is the first galaxy filament to be discovered. (The first LQG was found earlier in 1982.) A new report in 2014 confirms the Milky Way as a member of Laniakea Supercluster. |
| CfA2 Great Wall (1989) | 750,000,000 | Also known as the Coma Wall |
| Laniakea Supercluster (2014) | 520,000,000 | Galaxy supercluster in which the Earth is located |
| Horologium Supercluster (2005) | 550,000,000 | Also known as Horologium-Reticulum Supercluster. |
Great Wall Media
Huayi tu, an 1136 map of China with the Great Wall depicted on the northern edge of the country
The extent of the Ming Empire and its walls
Photograph of The Great Wall of China from 1907.
Great Wall of Han dynasty near Yumenguan
Ming dynasty Great Wall at Jinshanling
A more rural portion of the Great Wall that stretches through the mountains, here seen in slight disrepair
Identical satellite images of a section of the Great Wall in northern Shanxi, running diagonally from lower left to upper right and not to be confused with the more prominent river running from upper left to lower right. In the image on the right, the Great Wall has been outlined in red. The region pictured is 12 × 12 km (7 × 7 mi).
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Horvath, Istvan; Hakkila, Jon; Bagoly, Zsolt (2014). "Possible structure in the GRB sky distribution at redshift two". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 561: id.L12. arXiv:1401.0533. Bibcode:2014A&A...561L..12H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201323020. S2CID 24224684. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Horvath I.; Hakkila J. & Bagoly Z. (2013). "The largest structure of the Universe, defined by Gamma-Ray bursts". 7th Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium, GRB 2013: Paper 33 in EConf Proceedings C1304143. 1311: 1104. arXiv:1311.1104. Bibcode:2013arXiv1311.1104H.
- ↑ Horvath, Istvan; Bagoly, Zsolt; Hakkila, Jon; Tóth, L. Viktor (2015). "Anomalies in the GRB spatial distribution". Proceedings of Science. arXiv:1507.05528v1.
- ↑ Klotz, Irene (2013). "Universe's largest structure is a cosmic conundrum". discovery. Archived from the original on 2016-05-16. Retrieved 2013-11-22.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Balazs L.G.; et al. (2015). "A giant ring-like structure at 0.78 < z < 0.86 displayed by GRBs". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 452 (3): 2236–2246. arXiv:1507.00675. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.452.2236B. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1421. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
- ↑ Aron, Jacob. "Largest structure challenges Einstein's smooth cosmos". New Scientist. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
- ↑ "Astronomers discover the largest structure in the universe". Royal astronomical society. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
- ↑ Clowes, Roger; et al. (2013). "A structure in the early Universe at z ∼ 1.3 that exceeds the homogeneity scale of the R-W concordance cosmology". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1211 (4): 2910–2916. arXiv:1211.6256. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.429.2910C. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts497. Retrieved 14 January 2013.