Grito de Dolores
The Grito de Dolores ("Cry of Dolores") was the call issued by Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest, on 16 September, 1810 in the small town of Dolores (Therefore the Grito "de Dolores"). It is also called the Grito de la Independencia or the Cry of Independence against the traditional Spanish Government, which had become catastrophically distorted by the Napoleonic invasion of the Peninsula in the preceding two years.
The history
Hidalgo and a number of criollos were planning to fight the Spanish colonial government, but they were betrayed.
Because he was afraid to get arrested,[1] Hidalgo made his brother Mauricio and a number of other men with guns go to the sheriff. On the night of 15 September, they made the sheriff set free the pro-independence (people wanting to rule their own land) prisoners. They set eighty free.[2]
The next morning, at around 6:00 am, Hidalgo ordered the church bells to be rung. He made his congregation (people who attended his church) come together. With Ignacio Allende and Juan Aldama by his side, he spoke to the people in front of his church. He encouraged them to go against José de Iturrigaray the Spanish Viceroy. Researchers do not agree as to what exactly Hidalgo said at the time.[3]
The Battle of Guanajuato, the first important fight in the war, happened 4 days later. Mexico's independence from Spain wouldn't be declared until September 27, 1821, after ten years of war. This happened with the declaration of the first Mexican Empire.
Remembrance
Every year on the night of September 15 the President of Mexico rings the bell of the National Palace in Mexico City at around eleven in the evening. After the ringing of the bell, he repeats a cry of patriotism (a Grito Mexicano) based upon the "Grito de Dolores". He calls out the names of the important heroes of the Mexican War of Independence and ends with the shout of Viva Mexico! (three times) from the balcony of the palace. After the shouting, he rings the bell again and waves the Flag of Mexico to the applause of the crowd in the Plaza de la Constitución. This is followed by the playing and mass singing of the Himno Nacional Mexicano, the national anthem. On the morning of September 16, or Independence Day, the national military parade starts in the Zócalo (another name for the Plaza de la Constitución). It goes past the Hidalgo Memorial and ends on the Paseo de la Reforma, Mexico City’s main boulevard.
A similar celebration happens in cities and towns all over Mexico, and in Mexican embassies and consulates worldwide, on the 15th or the 16th. The mayor or governor, ambassadors or consuls will take on the role of the president, and ring the bells, give a speech and so on.
In the 19th century, Mexican presidents in their last year in office started to come to Dolores Hidalgo for the Grito de Dolores. President Calderón went to Dolores Hidalgo as part of the bicentennial celebrations in 2010 on the 16th of September.[4][5]
September 16 is Independence Day in Mexico and is considered a patriotic holiday, or fiesta patria (literally, holiday of the Fatherland). This day is celebrated with parades, patriotic programs, drum and bugle and marching band competitions, and other special events.
Grito De Dolores Media
Close-up of balcony where the president of Mexico gives the annual 'Grito de Dolores' on Independence Day
Felipe Calderón Hinojosa gives the Grito on the main balcony at the National Palace during the bicentennial, in Mexico City the night of 15 September of 2010.
Grito de Dolores, 16 September 1810
Our Lady of Sorrows Parish in Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Mexico
Municipal president giving the "grito" of "¡Viva México!" at the commencement of Independence Day festivities at 11 pm on 16 September 2008 in Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo
References
- ↑ Kirkwood, Burton (2000). History of Mexico. Westport, CT, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-313-30351-7.
- ↑ Sosa, Francisco (1985) (in Spanish). Biografias de Mexicanos Distinguidos-Miguel Hidalgo. 472. Mexico City: Editorial Porrua SA. pp. 288-292. ISBN 968-452-050-6.
- ↑ Michael, et al. (1979): The Course of Mexican History, page 276, New York, New York USA Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0-19-502413-5 The book states "The exact words of this most famous of all Mexican speeches are not known, or, rather, they are reproduced in almost as many variations as there are historians to reproduce themMeyer.
- ↑ "Mexico Celebrates Its Bicentennial - Photo Gallery - LIFE". Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
- ↑ "Calderón revive grito original en magnos festejos por bicentenario de México" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 September 2010. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
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- Fernández Tejedo, Isabel; and Carmen Nava Nava (2001). "Images of Independence in the Nineteenth Century: The Grito de Dolores, History and Myth title,¡Viva Mexico! ¡Viva la independencia!: Celebrations of September 16". Viva Mexico! Viva la Independencia!: Celebrations of September 16. Silhouettes: studies in history and culture series. Margarita González Aredondo and Elena Murray de Parodi (Spanish-English trans.). Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources. pp. 1–42. ISBN 0-8420-2914-1. OCLC 248568379.
Other websites
- Mexico connect "El Grito" (The Cry) Archived 2008-12-21 at the Wayback Machine
- Bibliography and Hemerography: Miguel Hidalgo and Costilla. Archived 2011-01-06 at the Wayback Machine
- Miguel Hidalgo and Costilla - Documents of 1810 and 1811. Archived 2011-02-05 at the Wayback Machine
- Chronology of Miguel Hidalgo and Costilla Archived 2010-09-18 at the Wayback Machine
- Mexico Celebrates Its Bicentennial Archived 2010-09-21 at the Wayback Machine - slideshow by Life magazine