High-functioning autism
High-functioning autism (HFA) is an informal term given to autistic people who do not have an intellectual disability, but may exhibit difficulties in communication, recognising emotions, and social interaction.[1][2][3] The overlap between HFA and Asperger syndrome is subject to controversy; both are autism spectrum conditions.
Many medical professionals, autistic people, and supporters of autistic rights disagree with the use of "functioning" labels, as many "high-" or "low-functioning" autistic people may be able to function differently at different times.[4] "Autism with/without intellectual disability" is preferred.
References
- ↑ Sanders, James Ladell. Qualitative or Quantitative Differences Between Asperger's Disorder and Autism? Historical Considerations. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 39 (11) (2009). p. 1560–1567. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0798-0.
- ↑ Carpenter, Laura Arnstein. Asperger's Syndrome and High-Functioning Autism. Pediatric Annals 38 (1) (2009). p. 30–5. doi:10.3928/00904481-20090101-01.
- ↑ Andari, Elissar. Promoting social behavior with oxytocin in highfunctioning autism spectrum disorders. PNAS 107 (9) (2 March 2019). p. 4389–4394. doi:10.1073/pnas.0910249107.
- ↑ Bottema-Beutel, Kristen. Avoiding Ableist Language: Suggestions for Autism Researchers. Autism in Adulthood 3 (1) (1 March 2021). p. 18–29. doi:10.1089/aut.2020.0014.