Holocephali
Holocephali ("complete heads") is a subclass of cartilaginous fish, of which the order Chimaeriformes is the only surviving group.
| Holocephali Temporal range: 416–present Devonian–present
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| Hydrolagus colliei, a rat fish | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Holocephali |
| Orders | |
Holocephali have a long fossil record that starts during the Devonian period. However, most fossils are teeth, and the body forms of numerous species are not known, or, at best, poorly understood. Sequence analysis on living chimaera suggests the whole group originated 420 million years ago in the Silurian period.[2]
Holocephali Media
French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte, who erected the order Holocephali to encompass living chimaeras
British paleontologist Arthur Smith Woodward, who allied plate-like Paleozoic fish teeth with chimaeras and who erected the order Bradyodonti
Fossilized cartilages of Cladoselache (A–C), Sibyrhynchus (D), Edaphodon (E–F), and Helodus (G), displaying mineralized tessellations
Iniopera and Callorhynchus
Diagram of autodiastylic jaw suspension, applied to a hypothetical early holocephalan
Tooth-plates of a selection of modern chimaeras
Life restoration of Harpagofututor volsellorhinus
Stensioella heintzi cast (cropped)
Gyrocotyle, a primitive tapeworm which is found only in the digestive tract of chimaeras
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References
- ↑ Coates, M., Gess, R., Finarelli, J., Criswell, K., Tietjen, K. 2016. A symmoriiform chondrichthyan braincase and the origin of chimaeroid fishes. Nature.
- ↑ Inoue J.G. et al 2010. Evolutionary origin and phylogeny of the modern holocephalans (Chondrichthyes: Chimaeriformes): a mitogenomic perspective. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 27 (11): 2576-2586.
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