Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia (British English: hyponatraemia) is when there is not enough sodium in the body (in the blood). It is mostly caused by the presence of too much water. Sodium is an essential mineral.
| Hyponatremia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Hyponatraemia, low blood sodium, hyponatræmia |
 | |
| Sodium, as shown on the periodic table | |
| Symptoms | Decreased ability to think, headaches, nausea, poor balance, confusion, seizures, coma[1][2][3] |
| Types | Low volume, normal volume, high volume[4] |
| Diagnostic method | Serum sodium < 135 mmol/L[3] |
| Differential diagnosis | Ethanol intoxication or withdrawal, high protein levels, high blood fat levels, high blood sugar[5][6] |
| Treatment | Based on underlying cause[4] |
| Frequency | Relatively common[6][7] |
Causes
Hyponatremia is most often a complication of other medical illnesses in which excess water collects in the body faster than can be excreted. For instance, congestive heart failure is a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) use. Some runners who drink a lot of water before running a marathon also suffer this illness.[8][9] Drinking too much water can impair the ability of marathon runners.[10]
References
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- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 630: attempt to index field 'known_free_doi_registrants_t' (a nil value).
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Book sources - Wikipedia". en.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 2025-04-21.
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 630: attempt to index field 'known_free_doi_registrants_t' (a nil value).
- ↑ "Merck Manual: Hyponatremia". Archived from the original on 2011-01-11. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
- ↑ Gina Kolata: Marathoners Warned About Too Much Water (NYTimes, 20 Oct. 2005)
- ↑ "Inverse relationship between percentage body weight change and finishing time in 643 forty-two-kilometre marathon runners". Archived from the original on 2011-09-30. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 630: attempt to index field 'known_free_doi_registrants_t' (a nil value).