Hyponatremia
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| Hyponatremia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Hyponatraemia, low blood sodium, hyponatræmia |
 | |
| Sodium, as shown on the periodic table | |
| Symptoms | Decreased ability to think, headaches, nausea, poor balance, confusion, seizures, coma[1][2][3] |
| Types | Low volume, normal volume, high volume[4] |
| Diagnostic method | Serum sodium < 135 mmol/L[3] |
| Differential diagnosis | Ethanol intoxication or withdrawal, high protein levels, high blood fat levels, high blood sugar[5][6] |
| Treatment | Based on underlying cause[4] |
| Frequency | Relatively common[6][7] |
Hyponatremia (British English: hyponatraemia) is when there is not enough sodium in the body (in the blood). It is mostly caused by the presence of too much water. Sodium is an essential mineral.
Causes
Hyponatremia is most often a complication of other medical illnesses in which excess water collects in the body faster than can be excreted. For instance, congestive heart failure is a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) use. Some runners who drink a lot of water before running a marathon also suffer this illness.[8][9] Drinking too much water can impair the ability of marathon runners.[10]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Babar, Sultan M.. SIADH Associated With Ciprofloxacin (in EN). Annals of Pharmacotherapy 47 (10) (2013-10-01). p. 1359–1363. doi:10.1177/1060028013502457.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Williams, David M. The clinical management of hyponatraemia. Postgraduate Medical Journal 92 (1089) (2016-07-01). p. 407–411. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133740.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Henry, Dan A.. Hyponatremia. Annals of Internal Medicine 163 (3) (2015-08-04). p. ITC1–ITC16. doi:10.7326/AITC201508040.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Lee, Jennifer Ji Young. Management of hyponatremia (in en). CMAJ 186 (8) (2014-05-13). p. E281–E286. doi:10.1503/cmaj.120887.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Filippatos, T. D.. Ten common pitfalls in the evaluation of patients with hyponatremia (in English). European Journal of Internal Medicine 29 (2016-04-01). p. 22–25. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2015.11.022.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Book sources - Wikipedia (in en). en.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 2025-04-21.
- ↑ Ball, SG. Diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 30 (2) (March 2016). p. 161–73. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2015.12.001.
- ↑ Merck Manual: Hyponatremia. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
- ↑ Gina Kolata: Marathoners Warned About Too Much Water (NYTimes, 20 Oct. 2005)
- ↑ Inverse relationship between percentage body weight change and finishing time in 643 forty-two-kilometre marathon runners. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
- ↑ Ball, S. G.. Diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia. Disturbances of water and electrolyte balance. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 30 (2) (2016-03-01). p. 161–173. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2015.12.001.