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Kano State

Kano State is one of the 36 states in Nigeria. It is in the north of the country.[1] In 2006, it was the most populated state in Nigeria. Today, it is one of the most populated states. Kano State was created in 1967. It shares borders with Katsina State, Jigawa State, Bauchi State, and Kaduna State. The capital city is Kano. It is one of the largest cities in the country. The governor is Abba Kabir Yusuf from 2023. He started office on 29 May 2023.[2] The Hausa and Fulani people make up most of the population of Kano State. The Hausa language is the main language in the state and in most parts of northern Nigeria.[3][4]Kano State faces some problems in the 21st century. These include attacks by the group Boko Haram, religious violence, and poverty. Most people in Kano State are Muslims. The state is one of the twelve states in Nigeria that use Sharia law.[5]

State in Nigeria
Time zoneWest Africa Time (UTC+1)

History

Modern-day Kano State was once home to old kingdoms and empires. One of them was the Kingdom of Kano, which was based at Dalla Hill. It existed from about 1000 CE to 1349.[6] In 1349, the Kano Sultanate was formed when Aliyu Yaji I accepted Islam and became the first Sultan.[7] In 1463, Kurmi Market was opened. It helped Kano become a centre of trade in Hausaland. The market is still open today. Because of its long history of trade, Kano is called the Centre of Commerce.[8]

During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Kano Sultanate was one of the most powerful Hausa kingdoms. After the Fulani jihad of 1804–1808, the Kano Emirate replaced the old sultanate. Emir Ibrahim Dabo made some changes in government. He worked to improve trade in the region.[9]

Leaders at that time encouraged traders to move from Katsina. This helped them benefit from raids in the Maradi area. Since Nigerian independence, Kano State has developed a diverse economy, establishing itself as a centre for industry, agriculture, and Islamic banking. Kano state was created on 27 May 1967. In 1991, part of Kano State was separated to form Jigawa State. [10] In 1903, the British Empire took control of the Kano Emirate. It became part of the Northern Nigeria Protectorate. Before colonial rule, the main ethnic groups in Kano State were Hausa, Fulani, Kanuri, Tuareg, Arab, and Nupe. Today, most people in Kano speak Hausa as their first language. Many people also identify as Hausa.[11]

Geography

Climate

The climate of Kano state is characterised by a variability in rainfall between the 1970s and 1980s, with drought and near-drought conditions. Between the 1990s and the year 2015, the moisture conditions improved considerably but for fluctuations in rainfall in the state.[12] However, since 2015 there has been a considerable increase in rainfall. Based on a report of the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), the amount of rainfall varies between years with a mean value of 897.7 mm (35.34 in).[13]

In the first quarter of 2022, NIMET sounded an early warning for floods in some states, including Kano. The agency asserted that their warning was based on the amount and distribution of rainfall that had been observed in the nation during the rainy season. According to the Kano State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA), 25 local government districts experienced flooding as a result of the extreme rain's aftermath.[14]

Temperature

The temperature of Kano has been on the rise since the 1960s and this is highly remarkable. for the diurnal temperature, which is high, and measurable between the range of 13.1%, with the relative humidity of between 17% and 90% respectively.[15][16]

Economy

Many large markets exist within Kano today, such as Kurmi Market, Kantin Kwari Market, Sabon Gari Market, Dawanau Market, Kofar Wanbai Market, Galadima Market, Yankura Market and Bata Market. Many of these markets specialise in certain products, such as textiles or grain. The dye industry beginning in the 19th century contributed greatly to Kano's prosperity.[17]

Agriculture

Subsistence and commercial agriculture are mostly practised in the outlying districts of the state. Some of the food crops cultivated are millet, cowpeas, sorghum, maize and rice for local consumption while groundnuts and cotton are produced for export and industrial purposes. During the colonial period and several years after the country's independence, the groundnuts produced in the state constituted one of the major sources of revenue of the country. Kano State is a major producer of hides and skins, sesame, soybeans, cotton, garlic, gum arabic and chili peppers.[18]

A 2018 study of Tudun Wada found that both temperature and rainfall were likely to increase with climate change, causing increased stress on crops, and would require increased climate change adaptation for agricultural practices.[19]

Industry

Kano State is the second-largest industrial centre after Lagos State in Nigeria and the largest in northern Nigeria with textile, tanning, footwear, cosmetics, plastics, enamelware, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, furniture and other industries, including agricultural implements, soft drinks, food and beverages, dairy products, vegetable oil, and animal feed. Kano is also the centre of a growing Islamic banking industry in Nigeria.[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]

Tourism

Tourist attractions in the state include:

  • Kurmi Market established in the 15th century
  • Kano's centuries-old city wall
  • Gidan Rumfa (Emir's Palace, the oldest continuous site of authority in Nigeria)
  • Kano Zoo
  • Dala and Gwauron Dutse
  • Gidan Makama (Kano Museum)
  • Bashir Tofa Mosque
  • Gidan dan Hausa Museum

Natural resources

Kano State has various natural resources in abundance, including:

Mineral raw materials

  • Cassiterite
  • Copper
  • Gemstone
  • Glass-sand
  • Lead
  • Zinc
  • Pyrochinre
  • Tantalite

Transport

Federal highways

  • A2 (part of the Trans-Sahara Highway or TAH2) north from Kaduna State at Gidan Mallam Idi for 166 km as Zaria Road via Kura, Nassarawa, Kano, Bankaura, Kunya, Dambarta and Ajumawa to Jigawa State at Yanzaki,
  • A9 (part of the Dakar-Ndjamena Trans-Sahelian Highway or TAH 5) northwest from A2 at Bankaura (14 km north of Kano city) for 71 km via Bichi, Dan Zabuwa and Tsanyawa as IBB Way to Katsina State at Yan Kamaye,
  • A237 continuing TAH5 east from A2 in Kano for 110 km across the Hadejia River at Wudil via Takai and Kachako to Jigawa State as the Kano Rd.

Other major roads

  • The Kunya-Mutum road northeast from A2 to Jigawa State at Duma,
  • The Kano-Gumel road northeast via Dosai, Gezawa, Kirazare and Dadin Diniya to Jigawa State near Magama,
  • The Kano-Ringim road east from Dosai via Gwandu, Wangara, Zugachi and Zakirai to Jigawa State at Gorshinsi,
  • south from Gwandu via Gogel to A237 at Zogarava,
  • the Gaya-Wudil Rd east from A237 to Jigawa at Dundubis as the Gaya-Azare Rd,
  • south from A2 at Karfi Ruga as the Kano-Kumbotso-Rano or Rano-Karfin Ruga Rd via Bunkure, Rano, Kibiya, Tarai, Burunburum, Sitti and Masu to Bauchi State at Gwanda as the Sabon Gari-Gwanda-Kafin-Birgi Rd,
  • the Kafin Maiyaki-Sabin Bimi Rd south from A2 via Arna, Tudun Wada, Falgore Game Reserve, Tagwaye and Dadin Kowa to Kaduna State at Murai,
  • the Kiru-Rurum Rd north from A2 at Kafin Maiyaki via Yako and Karaye to Gwarzo as the Kafi-Jamaa Kosa Rd,
  • Murtala Mohammed Rd west from Kano to Katsina State at Gangara,
  • the Gwarzo-Shanono Rd north via Bagawi to A9 at Bichi.

Railways

Kano is on the 1067 mm Cape Gauge Western Railway Line from Lagos via Kaduna to Jigawa State (rehabilitated 2013), with a new double track standard gauge line under construction.

Airports

Kano State Media

  • Photo of Kano city in December 1930

  • Malam Aminu Kano International Airport

References

  1. ↑ About Kano. Kano State (30 December 2017). Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  2. ↑ (in en-US) Kano/Katsina: Ganduje, Masari, Gaidam sworn-in – P.M. News. Lagos, Nigeria. https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2015/05/29/kanokatsina-ganduje-masari-gaidam-sworn-in/. Retrieved 4 February 2022. 
  3. ↑ Hausa Language Variation and Dialects (in en-US). African Languages at UCLA. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  4. ↑ Adoti, Olive (30 July 2020) (in en). 10 Top languages spoken in Nigeria (plus the states). https://www.legit.ng/1119300-list-languages-nigeria-states.html. Retrieved 14 March 2021. 
  5. ↑ "Nigerian singer sentenced to death for blasphemy in Kano state" (in en-GB). BBC News. 10 August 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53726256. Retrieved 14 March 2021. 
  6. ↑ Kano State Government (1 May 2010). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  7. ↑ Hausa. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  8. ↑ Ujorha, Tadaferua (9 May 2003). "Kano's 500-year-old market". Daily Trust (Biafra Nigeria World). http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/apr/09/0301.html. Retrieved 1 November 2007. 
  9. ↑ "Kano | Map, Location, History, & Facts | Britannica" (in en). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Kano-Nigeria. Retrieved 2026-04-13. 
  10. ↑ Kano State Government (1 May 2010). Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  11. ↑ Miers, Suzanne. Slavery and Colonial Rule in Africa (in en) (1999)Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-7146-4884-2. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  12. ↑ Buba, L. F.. Spatio-temporal rainfall and temperature variation in northern Nigeria. (2010)A Ph.D. Thesis submitted to the Geography Department, Bayero University, Kano.
  13. ↑ Kano my state. www.kanodashboard.ng. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  14. ↑ Maishanu, Abubakar Ahmadu (8 November 2022) (in en-GB). Special Report: Traders count losses as floods submerge West Africa's largest textile market in Kano. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/564102-special-report-traders-count-losses-as-floods-submerge-west-africas-largest-textile-market-in-kano.html. Retrieved 10 November 2022. 
  15. ↑ Kowal & Knabe, J.M. & D.T.. An agroclimatological atlas of northern states of Nigeria with explanatory notes (1972). Zaria: ABU Press.
  16. ↑ Olofin, E.A.. Some aspects of the physical geographies of the Kano region and related human responses: Departmental lecture notes. (1987). Kano, Nigeria: Denis Standard Printers.
  17. ↑ Iweze, Daniel Olisa. THE DYE INDUSTRY AND ECONOMIC PROSPERITY OF KANO IN THE 19th CENTURY. Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria 30 (2021).
  18. ↑ (in en-US) Ease of Doing Business: Kano State Govt. woos investors with land. Lagos, Nigeria. 24 August 2017. https://businessday.ng/business-economy/article/ease-business-kano-state-govt-woos-investors-land/. Retrieved 21 October 2023. 
  19. ↑ Garba, J.I.. Awareness and Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in Tudun Wada Local Government Area of Kano State. Zaria Geographer 25 (1) (2018). p. 63–75.
  20. ↑ Kano Metropolis. Retrieved 27 August 2023..
  21. ↑ Archived copy. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  22. ↑ Islamic Finance Nigeria (in en-US). SukFin. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  23. ↑ Nigeria: cities with the largest population 2020 (in en). Statista. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  24. ↑ Kasim Madugu, Yusuf. Collapse of Textile Industry in Nigeria: A Study of Kano State, Nigeria. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  25. ↑ Nigeria biannual economic update: connecting to compete (in en)World Bank. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  26. ↑ Kano (in en-GB). BBC News. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  27. ↑ "Why is business suffering in Kano?" (in en-GB). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/av/business-25780815. Retrieved 21 February 2021. 
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