Dwarfism
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Dwarfism is used to describe a person of short stature, less than 4 feet, 10 inches (147 cm). This is often, though not always, because of a medical condition. People with this condition are called dwarves or little people. A similar term for short people is midget; however, dwarves and midgets are not the same. Midgets are perfectly proportioned humans, while dwarves have a large head and misshapen limbs and torsos.
Dwarfism is usually caused by the person inheriting an allele (a mutant gene), which produces a defect in development. Defects caused by genetics are the main kind of congenital defects, and usually cannot be cured.
The most common cause of dwarfism is a defect in bone development called achondroplasia, in which the limbs are short in proportion to the body. This accounts for 70% of cases.
Extreme shortness, but with body parts of normal proportions, may be caused by growth hormone deficiency, once known as pituitary dwarfism.[1]
There are more than 200 other conditions which may cause dwarfism.[2]
In the 19th century in the United States, people with dwarfism were a major attraction of many circus sideshows. The most famous little people in the history of the American circus are General Tom Thumb and Michu.[3]
Dwarfism Media
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Dwarfism occurs in animals as well as humans; horses can have achondroplastic symptoms, as shown here next to a person with dwarfism. All small dog breeds exhibit dwarfism (the standard size of dogs, without interference from humans, is the same as that of the wolves).
- Seneb and wife statue.jpg
Seneb, court official and priest for the Ancient Egyptian rulers Khufu and Djedefre, with his wife Senetites and their children
- Lavinia Warren - Brady-Handy.jpg
Lavinia Warren, an actress with pituitary dwarfism (growth hormone deficiency)
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Comparative illustration from Talbot's 1889 medical treatise named Degeneracy: its causes, signs and results
- Two Völuspá Dwarves by Frølich.jpg
Two Norse dwarfs as depicted in a 19th-century edition of the Poetic Edda poem Völuspá (1895) by Lorenz Frølich
- Pedal extenders for short statured individuals (skeletal dysplasia).jpg
Pedal extenders for short statured individuals (skeletal dysplasia)
- Ivory statuette of a woman with dwarfism-IMG 4539-white.jpg
Ivory statuette of a woman with dwarfism, Gerzeh culture (Naqada II), in the Prehistoric Egypt era
Related pages
References
- ↑ Kennedy, Dan. "P.O.V. – Big Enough. What is Dwarfism?". Public Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on 2009-03-13. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
- ↑ "MedlinePlus: Dwarfism". MedlinePlus. National Institute of Health. 2008-08-04. Retrieved 2008-10-03.
- ↑ Ogden, Tom. 1993. The American Circus. Facts on File. p. 237.
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