Male breast cancer
Male breast cancer (male breast neoplasm) is a rare cancer in males that originates from the breast. Many males with breast cancer have got it through a BRCA mutation, but there are other causes, including alcohol abuse and exposure to certain hormones and ionizing radiation.[1][2][3] The optimal treatment is currently not known.[4]
Staging
In addition to TNM staging surgical staging for breast cancer is used; it is the same as in female breast cancer and facilitates treatment and analysis.[5]
Stage I
Stage I is an invasive breast cancer with the tumor not exceeding 2 cm and absence of lymph node involvement.
Stage II
Stage II includes stages IIA and IIB.
References
- ↑ "Male Breast Cancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 2006. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
- ↑ "Breast Cancer in Men". Cancer Research UK. 2007. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
- ↑ "Breast Cancer in Men" (PDF). American Cancer Society. February 9, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2011-04-24.
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 630: attempt to index field 'known_free_doi_registrants_t' (a nil value)..
- ↑ Breastcancer.org. "Stages of Breast Cancer". Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
