Cicero
Marcus Tullius Cicero[1] (3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, consul, lawyer, political theorist and philosopher. He is often thought to be one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists.[2][3]
Marcus Tullius Cicero | |
---|---|
Born | 3 January 106 BC Arpinum, Italy |
Died | 7 December 43 BC Formia, Italy |
Occupation | Politician, lawyer, orator and philosopher |
Nationality | Ancient Roman |
Subject | politics, law, philosophy, oratory |
Literary movement | Golden Age Latin |
Notable works | Politics: Pro Quinctio Philosophy: De Inventione |
His Latin is thought to be the model of Classical Latin. He introduced Greek philosophy to the Romans.
Cicero was heavily involved in the politics of the Roman Republic. After Julius Caesar's death, Cicero became an enemy of Mark Antony. In the power struggle, Cicero attacked Antony in a series of speeches. Cicero was proscribed as an enemy of the state by the Second Triumvirate. He was executed in 43 BC by soldiers working for the Triumvirate.
Cicero Media
The Young Cicero Reading by Vincenzo Foppa (fresco, 1464), now at the Wallace Collection
Arpino, Italy, birthplace of Cicero
A fresco by Cesare Maccari (1840-1919) depicting Roman senator Cicero (106-43 BCE) denouncing Catiline's conspiracy to overthrow the Republic in the Roman senate. (Palazzo Madama, Rome). Note: illustrations commonly show the senators arranged in a semicircle around an open space where orators were deemed to stand; in reality the structure of the existing Curia Julia building, which dates in its current form from the Emperor Diocletian, shows that the senators sat in straight and parallel lines on either side of the interior of the building. The Senate was also larger and more dull.
Cicero – First speech against Catilina in Latin (English subtitles)
Henry VIII's childhood copy of De Officiis, bearing the inscription in his hand, "Thys boke is myne Prynce Henry"
References
- ↑ Latin pronunciation: ['kikeroː], usually pronounced [ˈsɪsərəʊ] in English
- ↑ Rawson, E.: Cicero, a portrait (1975) p.303
- ↑ Haskell, H.J.: This was Cicero (1964)p.300-301
Sources
- Everitt, Anthony 2001, Cicero: the life and times of Rome's greatest politician, Random House, hardback, 359 pages, ISBN 0-375-50746-9
- Haskell, H.J.: (1946) This was Cicero, Fawcett publications, Inc. Greenwich, Conn. USA
- Rawson, Elizabeth (1975) Cicero, A portrait, Allen Lane, London ISBN 0-7139-0864-5
- Taylor, H. (1918). Cicero: A sketch of his life and works. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.
Other websites
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General
- Links to Cicero resources Archived 2006-09-05 at the Wayback Machine
- University of Texas Cicero Homepage Archived 2005-11-25 at the Wayback Machine
- The Internet Encyclopædia of Philosophy
Works by Cicero
- Works by Cicero at Project Gutenberg
- Perseus Project (Latin and English): Classics Collection (see: M. Tullius Cicero)
- The Latin Library (Latin): Works of Cicero
- UAH (Latin, with translation notes): Cicero Page Archived 2006-02-21 at the Wayback Machine
- De Officiis, translated by Walter Miller
- Cicero's works: text, concordances and frequency list
- Biographies and descriptions of Cicero's time:
- At Project Gutenberg
- Plutarch's biography of Cicero contained in the Parallel Lives
- Life of Cicero by Anthony Trollope, Volume I – Volume II
- Cicero by Rev. W. Lucas Collins (Ancient Classics for English Readers)
- Roman life in the days of Cicero by Rev. Alfred J. Church
- Social life at Rome in the Age of Cicero by W. Warde Fowler
- At Heraklia website Archived 2006-05-17 at the Wayback Machine
- Dryden's translation of Cicero from Plutarch's Parallel Lives Archived 2011-10-01 at the Wayback Machine
- At Middlebury College website
- Prætor Brutus Archived 2008-12-09 at the Wayback Machine
- At Project Gutenberg
- News article on a museum-guide robot named after him
Preceded by Lucius Julius Caesar and Gaius Marcius Figulus |
Consul of the Roman Republic with Gaius Antonius Hybrida 63 BC |
Succeeded by Decimus Junius Silanus and Lucius Licinius Murena |