Metformin
Metformin is a drug used to treat patients having diabetes. There are 2 types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2 and metformin is only used to treat people having type 2 diabetes. Metformin come as a tablet and taken by mouth. It is the drug of choice to lower the blood sugar level when a person is first found to have diabetes.[1]
Uses
- Type-II diabetes - adult onset diabetes due to lack of insulin production and resistance of body tissues to insulin
- Gestational diabetes - diabetes during pregnancy
- To treat obesity in diabetes - metformin lowers the appetite and used to treat obesity[2]
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) - presence of multiple ("poly") fluid filled cavities ("cystic") in the ovaries of females[3]
Side effects
Metformin is not used in patients having severe kidney disease.[4]
History
Metformin was first produced from the French lilac or goat's rue (Galega officinalis). Its blood sugar-lowering property was first described in 1929 by Slotta and Tschesche.[5] Metformin became available in Britain in 1958 and got approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for type 2 diabetes in 1994.[6] Today, Metformin has become the world's most widely used medication to treat type 2 diabetes.[7]
Metformin Media
Chemical synthesis of metformin, as reported by Seymour L. Shapiro et al. in 1959.Dimethylamine (1) and 2-cyanoguanidine (2) react at 120–140°C to form metformin (3).Cre
Galega officinalis is a natural source of galegine.
Generic metformin 500-mg tablets, as sold in the United Kingdom
References
- ↑ Qaseem, Amir. Oral Pharmacologic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine 156 (3) (2012-02-07). p. 218–231. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-156-3-201202070-00011.
- ↑ Kopelman, Peter G.. Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children - Google Books (2017-09-08). ISBN 9781405143660. Retrieved 2020-09-22.
- ↑ Metformin Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com (2016-12-24). Retrieved 2020-09-22.
- ↑ Bolen, Shari. Systematic Review: Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Medications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Annals of Internal Medicine 147 (6) (2007-09-18). p. 386–399. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-6-200709180-00178.
- ↑ Hadden, D. R.. Goat's rue - French lilac - Italian fitch - Spanish sainfoin: gallega officinalis and metformin: the Edinburgh connection. The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 35 (3) (October 2005). p. 258–260.
- ↑ No Title. Food and Drug Administration (2007-09-29). Retrieved 2020-09-22.
- ↑ Bailey, C. J.. Metformin: its botanical background (in en). Practical Diabetes International 21 (3) (2004). p. 115–117. doi:10.1002/pdi.606.