Metformin
Metformin is a drug used to treat patients having diabetes. There are 2 types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2 and metformin is only used to treat people having type 2 diabetes. Metformin come as a tablet and taken by mouth. It is the drug of choice to lower the blood sugar level when a person is first found to have diabetes.[1]
Uses
- Type-II diabetes - adult onset diabetes due to lack of insulin production and resistance of body tissues to insulin
- Gestational diabetes - diabetes during pregnancy
- To treat obesity in diabetes - metformin lowers the appetite and used to treat obesity[2]
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) - presence of multiple ("poly") fluid filled cavities ("cystic") in the ovaries of females[3]
Side effects
Metformin is not used in patients having severe kidney disease.[4]
History
Metformin was first produced from the French lilac or goat's rue (Galega officinalis). Its blood sugar-lowering property was first described in 1929 by Slotta and Tschesche.[5] Metformin became available in Britain in 1958 and got approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for type 2 diabetes in 1994.[6] Today, Metformin has become the world's most widely used medication to treat type 2 diabetes.[7]
Metformin Media
Chemical synthesis of metformin, as reported by Seymour L. Shapiro et al. in 1959.Dimethylamine (1) and 2-cyanoguanidine (2) react at 120–140°C to form metformin (3).Cre
Galega officinalis is a natural source of galegine.
Generic metformin 500-mg tablets, as sold in the United Kingdom
References
- ↑ Qaseem, Amir; Humphrey, Linda L.; Sweet, Donna E.; Starkey, Melissa; Shekelle, Paul (2012-02-07). "Oral Pharmacologic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians". Annals of Internal Medicine. 156 (3): 218–231. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-156-3-201202070-00011. ISSN 0003-4819. PMID 22312141. S2CID 3703337.
- ↑ Kopelman, Peter G.; Caterson, Ian D.; Dietz, William H. (2017-09-08). Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children - Google Books. ISBN 9781405143660. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08. Retrieved 2020-09-22.
- ↑ "Metformin Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com". 2016-12-24. Archived from the original on 2016-12-24. Retrieved 2020-09-22.
- ↑ Bolen, Shari; Feldman, Leonard; Vassy, Jason; Wilson, Lisa; Yeh, Hsin-Chieh; Marinopoulos, Spyridon; Wiley, Crystal; Selvin, Elizabeth; Wilson, Renee (2007-09-18). "Systematic Review: Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Medications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus". Annals of Internal Medicine. 147 (6): 386–399. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-6-200709180-00178. ISSN 0003-4819. PMID 17638715. S2CID 44380397.
- ↑ Hadden, D. R. (October 2005). "Goat's rue - French lilac - Italian fitch - Spanish sainfoin: gallega officinalis and metformin: the Edinburgh connection". The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. 35 (3): 258–260. ISSN 1478-2715. PMID 16402501.
- ↑ Food and Drug Administration. 2007-09-29 https://web.archive.org/web/20070929152824/https://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/ANS00627.html. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2020-09-22.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ Bailey, C. J.; Day, C. (2004). "Metformin: its botanical background". Practical Diabetes International. 21 (3): 115–117. doi:10.1002/pdi.606. ISSN 1528-252X. S2CID 208203689.