Occitan language
Occitan[7][8] is known as lenga d'òc by its native speakers.
| Occitan | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| occitan, lenga d'òc, provençal | ||||
| Native to | France, Spain, Italy, Monaco | |||
| Native speakers | estimates range from 100,000 to 800,000 (2007–2012)[1][2] | |||
| Language family | ||||
| Early forms: | Old Occitan
| |||
| Dialects |
Gascon (including Aranese dialect)
| |||
| Official status | ||||
| Official language in | Catalonia (Spain) | |||
| Recognised minority language in | France Andorra Italy (Law number 482 of 15 December 1999) [6] | |||
| Regulated by | Conselh de la Lenga Occitana;[3] Congrès Permanent de la Lenga Occitana;[4] Institut d'Estudis Aranesi[5] | |||
| Language codes | ||||
| ISO 639-1 | oc | |||
| ISO 639-2 | oci | |||
| ISO 639-3 | oci – inclusive code Individual code: sdt – (Judeo-Occitan) | |||
| Linguasphere | 51-AAA-g & 51-AAA-f | |||
 | ||||
 various dialects of Occitan | ||||
| ||||
It is a Romance language spoken in the south of France, the Occitan Valleys of Italy, the Val d'Aran of Catalonia and Monaco. The regions together called Occitania. Of course, this is an unofficial name for a region in three countries! Its justification is that it is united by a culture.
Occitan took a different path from Latin to the main official languages. It is sometimes called lenga d'òc ("language of oc", French: langue d'oc) because its word for yes is òc, as opposed to oil (oui) or sì in other languages. That is one way to classify Romance languages.
Occitan is an official language of Catalonia.[9] Since September 2010, the Parliament of Catalonia has considered Aranese Occitan to be the officially preferred language for use in the Val d'Aran.
Dialects
- Alpine (also named Vivaro-Alpine or Provençal Alpine)
- Auvergnat
- Gascon (including Aranese spoken in Val d'Aran, Catalonia, Spain)
- Languedocien
- Limousin
- Provençal
Some of those names (Provençal, Limousin, Gascon) were once used for the whole language.
Occitan Language Media
Linguistic evolution in southwest Europe from AD 1000 to 2000
This bilingual street sign in Toulouse, like many such signs found in Toulouse's historical districts, is maintained primarily for its antique charm, and is typical of what little remains of the lenga d'òc in southern French cities.
Aranese signage in Bossòst, Val d'Aran, Spain
Occitan dialects according to Pierre Bec
Supradialectal classification of Occitan according to Bec
Supradialectal classification of Occitan according to Sumien
According to the testimony of Bernadette Soubirous, the Virgin Mary spoke to her (Lourdes, 25 March 1858) in Gascon saying: Que soy era Immaculada Councepciou ("I am the Immaculate Conception", the phrase is reproduced under this statue in the Lourdes grotto with a Mistralian/Febusian spelling), confirming the proclamation of this Catholic dogma four years earlier.
Inscription in Occitan in the Abbey of Saint-Jean de Sorde, Sorde-l'Abbaye: "Blessed are those who die in the Lord."
_-_plaques.jpg)
Sources
- ↑ Fabrice BERNISSAN (2012). "Combien l'occitan compte de locuteurs en 2012 ?", Revue de Linguistique Romane, 76 (12/2011-07/2012), pp. 467-512
- ↑ « De fait, le nombre des locuteurs de l’occitan a pu être estimé par l’INED dans un premier temps à 526 000 personnes, puis à 789 000, » ("In fact, the number of occitan speakers was estimated by the French Demographics Institute at 526,000 people, then 789,000") Philippe Martel, "Qui parle occitan ?" in Langues et cité n°10, December 2007.
- ↑ CLO's statements in Lingüistica Occitana (online review of Occitan linguistics).[dead link]
- ↑ "Page d'accueil". Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine - Aquitaine Limousin Poitou-Charentes. Archived from the original on 2012-01-27. Retrieved 2013-02-20.
- ↑ "Reconeishença der Institut d'Estudis Aranesi coma academia e autoritat lingüistica der occitan, aranés en Aran - Conselh Generau d'Aran". www.conselharan.org.
- ↑ Norme in materia di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche storiche, Italian parliament
- ↑ Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 7th edition, 2005.
- ↑ Regional pronunciations: occitan = [u(t)siˈtaⁿ, u(t)siˈtɔ, ukʃiˈtɔ].
- ↑ As stated in its Statute of Autonomy approved. See Article 6.5 in the Parlament-cat.net Archived 26 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine, text of the 2006 Statute of Catalonia (PDF)
Other websites
 |
This language has its own Wikipedia project. See the Occitan language edition. |
- Dictionary (written in Occitan)
- Ethnologue report page for language with code OCI (Occitan)
- English-Occitan lexicon[dead link]
- Orbilat.com Archived 2004-06-16 at the Wayback Machine, Overview and grammar of Occitan
- Occitanet.free.fr, a guide to the language
- Ostaldoccitania.net Archived 2011-01-06 at the Wayback Machine The house of occitan associations of Toulouse (in French)
- Eonet.ne Archived 2009-05-05 at the Wayback Machine, "LexRomEdic", Electronic version of Lexique Roman of Rainouard (A provisional version is available). (in French)
