Orthographic projection
Orthographic projection is a way of showing a 3D object in 2D. It is a form of parallel projection, where the view direction is orthogonal to the projection plane.
Orthographic Projection Media
Comparison of several types of graphical projection
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Converting Various_projections_of_cube_above_plane.svg to /var/www/html/w/images/temp/transform_057ce151cc2c.png ... org.apache.batik.transcoder.TranscoderException: null Enclosed Exception: file:/var/www/html/w/images/temp/svg_8fe7e500ef81d5b3b9d1d70f/Various_projections_of_cube_above_plane.svg:-1 Cannot find the referenced element: "file:/var/www/html/w/images/temp/svg_8fe7e500ef81d5b3b9d1d70f/Various_projections_of_cube_above_plane.svg#clip1" specified on the element <g> - may be a problem of 'id' at org.apache.batik.transcoder.SVGAbstractTranscoder.transcode(SVGAbstractTranscoder.java:228) at org.apache.batik.transcoder.image.ImageTranscoder.transcode(ImageTranscoder.java:92) at org.apache.batik.transcoder.XMLAbstractTranscoder.transcode(XMLAbstractTranscoder.java:142) at org.apache.batik.transcoder.SVGAbstractTranscoder.transcode(SVGAbstractTranscoder.java:158) at org.apache.batik.apps.rasterizer.SVGConverter.transcode(SVGConverter.java:1008) at org.apache.batik.apps.rasterizer.SVGConverter.execute(SVGConverter.java:719) at org.apache.batik.apps.rasterizer.Main.execute(Main.java:956) at org.apache.batik.apps.rasterizer.Main.main(Main.java:1009) Caused by: org.apache.batik.bridge.BridgeException: file:/var/www/html/w/images/temp/svg_8fe7e500ef81d5b3b9d1d70f/Various_projections_of_cube_above_plane.svg:-1 Cannot find the referenced element: "file:/var/www/html/w/images/temp/svg_8fe7e500ef81d5b3b9d1d70f/Various_projections_of_cube_above_plane.svg#clip1" specified on the element <g> - may be a problem of 'id' at org.apache.batik.bridge.BridgeContext.getReferencedNode(BridgeContext.java:762) at org.apache.batik.bridge.BridgeContext.getReferencedElement(BridgeContext.java:804) at org.apache.batik.bridge.CSSUtilities.convertClipPath(CSSUtilities.java:718) at org.apache.batik.bridge.AbstractGraphicsNodeBridge.buildGraphicsNode(AbstractGraphicsNodeBridge.java:146) at org.apache.batik.bridge.GVTBuilder.buildGraphicsNode(GVTBuilder.java:224) at org.apache.batik.bridge.GVTBuilder.buildComposite(GVTBuilder.java:171) at org.apache.batik.bridge.GVTBuilder.buildGraphicsNode(GVTBuilder.java:219) at org.apache.batik.bridge.GVTBuilder.buildComposite(GVTBuilder.java:171) at org.apache.batik.bridge.GVTBuilder.buildGraphicsNode(GVTBuilder.java:219) at org.apache.batik.bridge.GVTBuilder.buildComposite(GVTBuilder.java:171) at org.apache.batik.bridge.GVTBuilder.buildGraphicsNode(GVTBuilder.java:219) at org.apache.batik.bridge.GVTBuilder.buildComposite(GVTBuilder.java:171) at org.apache.batik.bridge.GVTBuilder.build(GVTBuilder.java:82) at org.apache.batik.transcoder.SVGAbstractTranscoder.transcode(SVGAbstractTranscoder.java:210) ... 7 more ... error (SVGConverter.error.while.rasterizing.file)
Various projections and how they are produced
The three views. The percentages show the amount of foreshortening.
Symbols used to define whether a multiview projection is either third-angle (right) or first-angle (left).
Orthographic projection (equatorial aspect) of eastern hemisphere 30°W–150°E
Other websites
- Educational website describing the principles of first and third angle projection – University of Limerick