Papurana

Papurana is a genus of frogs in the family Ranidae, "true frogs."[1][2] They live in New Guinea, some islands near New Guinea, and in northern Australia.[1][3] Papurana daemeli is the only frog in Ranidae that lives in Australia.[4]

Papurana
Hylarana waliesa.jpg
Papurana waliesa
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Ranidae
Genus: Papurana
Dubois [fr], 1992
Type species
Rana papua
Lesson, 1830
Synonyms[1]

Tylerana Dubois, 1992

Taxonomy

Scientists first named Papurana as a subgenus of Rana. At times, they have said it was a subgenus of Hylarana. In 2015, Oliver and colleagues looked at Hylarana closely and said it should have only a few species in it. They said Papurana should be its own genus.[1][3]

Description

Papurana frogs have a mask mark behind their eyes, their body shape, strong wavy stripes on the backs of their thighs, and either no dorsolateral folds or very thin folds, with rough spots. The back is evenly roughened to warty and sometimes has small spikes. The frogs are medium to very large in size. Male frogs have paired, external organs for making sounds.[3]

Species

There are 18 species:[1][2]

* Papurana arfaki (Meyer, 1875)
 
Papurana florensis is provisionally placed in this genus.

Papurana elberti, Papurana florensis, and Papurana moluccana are only provisionally allocated to Papurana, meaning scientists want to collect more data on their bodies and genes before deciding.[3]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Papurana Dubois, 1992". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved September 19, 2017.
  2. 2.0 2.1 "Ranidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Oliver, Lauren A.; Prendini, Elizabeth; Kraus, Fred & Raxworthy, Christopher J. (2015). "Systematics and biogeography of the Hylarana frog (Anura: Ranidae) radiation across tropical Australasia, Southeast Asia, and Africa". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 90: 176–192. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.001. PMID 25987527.
  4. Ingram, Glen J. (1993). "Family Ranidae" (PDF). In C. G. Glasby; G. J. B. Ross; P. L. Beesley (eds.). Fauna of Australia. Vol. 2A Amphibia and Reptilia. AGPS Canberra. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
  5. "Papurana celebensis". Amphibiaweb. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  6. Kin Onn Chan; Carl R.Hutter; Perry L.Wood Jr.; L. Lee Grismer; Rafe M.Brown (June 24, 2020). "Larger, unfiltered datasets are more effective at resolving phylogenetic conflict: Introns, exons, and UCEs resolve ambiguities in Golden-backed frogs (Anura: Ranidae; genus Hylarana)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 151: 106899. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106899. PMID 32590046. S2CID 220118917. Retrieved January 1, 2021.