Pashto
Pashto (also known as Pushto or Pukhto) is an Iranic language in the Indo-European language family, natively spoken by ethnic Pashtuns in northwestern Pakistan and southern and eastern Afghanistan. It is the official language of Afghanistan, and an official language of Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.[7] It is spoken by the Pashtuns living in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pashtuns, its speakers, make up majority of the population in Afghanistan. They are the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan and second largest ethnic group in Pakistan, where it is the official provincial language in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is known in historical Persian literature as Afghani (افغانی, Afghāni).[8]
| Pashto | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| پښتو | ||||
 Pashto written in Pashto script (Naskh style). | ||||
| Pronunciation | ] [paʂˈto], [paçˈto], [puxˈto] | |||
| Native to | Afghanistan; province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan | |||
| Region | Pashto Region | |||
| Ethnicity | Pashtun people | |||
| Native speakers | 40–60 million (2007–2009)[1][2] | |||
| Language family | Indo-European
| |||
| Standard forms |
Southern Pashto
| |||
| Dialects |
Other Pashto dialects
| |||
| Writing system | Arabic (Pashto alphabet) | |||
| Official status | ||||
| Official language in |  Afghanistan[4] | |||
| Recognised minority language in |  Pakistan[6] | |||
| Regulated by | Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan Pashto Academy (Pakistan)[5] | |||
| Language codes | ||||
| ISO 639-1 | ps | |||
| ISO 639-2 | pus | |||
| ISO 639-3 | pus – inclusive code Individual codes: pst – Central Pashto pbu – Northern Pashto pbt – Southern Pashto wne – Waneci | |||
| Linguasphere | 58-ABD-a | |||
| ||||
Pashto belongs to the Indo-European languages family. It has two main dialects, western dialect and eastern dialect. The small difference between these two dialects is in the use of sounds.
Pashto Media
Parts of the day in Pashto
Related pages
References
- ↑ Nationalencyklopedin "Världens 100 största språk 2007" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007 (39 million)
- ↑ Penzl, Herbert; Ismail Sloan (2009). A Grammar of Pashto a Descriptive Study of the Dialect of khyber pakhtun khwa, pakistan. Ishi Press International. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-923891-72-5. Retrieved 2010-10-25.
Estimates of the number of Pashto speakers range from 40 million to 60 million...
- ↑ "AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṧto". G. Morgenstierne. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Archived from the original on 2012-01-22. Retrieved 2010-10-10.
Paṧtō undoubtedly belongs to the Northeastern Iranic branch.
- ↑ Constitution of Afghanistan - Chapter 1 The State, Article 16 (Languages) and Article 20 (Anthem)
- ↑ Sebeok, Thomas Albert (1976). Current Trends in Linguistics: Index. Walter de Gruyter. p. 705.
- ↑ "Population by Mother Tongue". Population Census Organization, Government of Pakistan. Archived from the original on 12 September 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
- ↑ "Article Sixteen of the Constitution of Afghanistan". 2004. Archived from the original on October 28, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
From among the languages of Pashto, Dari, Uzbeki, Turkmani, Baluchi, Pashai, Nuristani, Pamiri (alsana), Arab and other languages spoken in the country, Pashto and Dari are the official languages of the state.
- ↑ John Leyden, Esq. M.D.; William Erskine, Esq., eds. (1921). "Events Of The Year 910 (1525)". Memoirs of Babur. Packard Humanities Institute. p. 5. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
To the south is Afghanistān. There are ten or eleven different languages spoken in Kābul: Arabic, Persian, Tūrki, Moghuli, Afghani, Pashāi, Parāchi, Geberi, Bereki, Dari and Lamghāni.
Further reading
 |
This language has its own Wikipedia project. See the Pashto edition. |
- Morgenstierne, Georg. "The Place of Pashto among the Iranic Languages and the Problem of the Constitution of Pashtun Linguistic and Ethnic Unity." Paṣto Quarterly 1.4 (1978): 43-55.
- Cheung, Johnny. "Pashto Problems III Ancient Loanwords from Early New Persian and Indo-Aryan and the Historical Contacts of Pashto & its Speakers."
