Plant hormone
Plant hormones (or Phytohormones) are chemicals that regulate plant growth. In the UK they are called 'plant growth substances'. The best known plant hormone is auxin.
Plant hormones are signal molecules produced within the plant. They occur in extremely low concentrations. Hormones regulate cellular processes in targeted cells. Hormones also govern the formation of flowers, stems, leaves, the shedding of leaves, and the development and ripening of fruit.[1][2]
Plants, unlike animals, lack glands that produce and secrete hormones. Individual cells can produce hormones. They affect which tissues grow upward and which grow downward, leaf formation and stem growth, fruit development and ripening, plant longevity, and even plant death. Hormones are vital to plant growth, and, lacking them, plants would be mostly a mass of undifferentiated cells. So they are also known as growth factors or growth hormones.
Phytohormones are found not only in higher plants, but in algae too, with similar functions.[3] They also occur in fungi and bacteria, where they may be used to induce beneficial reactions in host plants.[4]
Plant Hormone Media
Phyllody on a purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), a plant development abnormality where leaf-like structures replace flower organs. It can be caused by hormonal imbalance, among other reasons.
Structure of abscisic acid
The auxin, indole-3-acetic acid
chemical structure of brassinolide
chemical structure of zeatin
- EtheneDflat
Chemical structure of gibberellin A1.
- Jasmonicacid
Structure of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid
References
- ↑ Simple plant hormone table with location of synthesis and effects of application — this is the format used in the descriptions at the ends of the Wikipedia articles on individual plant hormones.
- ↑ Srivastava L.M. 2002. Plant growth and development: hormones and environment. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-660570-X
- ↑ Tarakhovskaya E.R. et al 2007. Phytohormones in algae. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 54(2): 163-170.
- ↑ Rademacher, W. (1 November 1994). "Gibberellin formation in microorganisms". Plant Growth Regulation. 15 (3): 303–314. doi:10.1007/BF00029903. S2CID 33138732 – via Springer Link.