Pledge of Allegiance
The Pledge of Allegiance of the United States is an expression of allegiance to the Flag of the United States and the republic of the United States of America. It was originally composed by Colonel George Balch in 1887.[1][2][3] It was changed by Francis Bellamy in 1892. It was formally adopted by the Congress as the pledge in 1942.[4]
Pledge Of Allegiance Media
Students pledging to the flag, 1899, 8th Division, Washington, D.C. Part of the Frances Benjamin Johnston 1890 - 1900 Washington, D.C., school survey.
Captain George T. Balch wrote an early pledge of allegiance.
Reverend Francis Bellamy wrote the version that became official.
A plaque in Lansing, Michigan, dated 1918, listing the Balch Pledge, which was used parallel to the Bellamy Pledge until the National Flag Conference in 1923
George MacPherson Docherty (left) and President Eisenhower (second from left) on the morning of February 7, 1954, at the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church
Children performing the Bellamy salute to the flag of the United States, 1941
Musical setting by Irving Caesar
First graders of Japanese ancestry pledging allegiance to the American flag (1942, photo by Dorothea Lange)
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References
- ↑ Teachers Magazine for Primary Grades. Ives-Butler Company. 1911-01-01.
- ↑ Kirkpatrick, Melanie. One Nation, Indivisible. . https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703735804575536041452086002. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
- ↑ "Captain and Brevet Lieutenant Colonel George T. Balch, Ordnance Corps Hall of Fame Inductee 2001, U.S. Army Ordnance Corps". www.goordnance.army.mil. Archived from the original on 2012-06-06. Retrieved 2015-11-01.
- ↑ "Society & Community. Faith in America: The Legal Dilemma". NOW with Bill Moyers. PBS. June 29, 2002.