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Research and development

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Research and development (R&D) refers to a wide range of activities by businesses, governments and academic institutions designed to gather knowledge and test new ideas.[1] This often leads to the development of new products or new ways of doing things.[2][3] R&D generally has three main activities.[4] These are: basic research, applied research and development.[4] Basic research is aimed at getting new knowledge with no immediate use or purpose in mind.[4] Applied research is just the opposite. It is research for a definite purpose or product.[4] Development has more to do with adding features to a product. Often, development is a process of eliminating all but the best idea to arrive at the best solution.[5] Basic and applied research costs are often written off as expenses while the costs of development are added to the cost of the product.[6] R&D often results in owning intellectual property such as patents.[6] In Europe, R&D is called research and technical/technological development (RTD).[3]

In 2015, Volkswagen was the world's leading spender in R&D[7]

Research And Development Media

  • Cycle of research and development

  • Spending on research and development as share of GDP (2015)

  • Mercedes Benz Research Development North America (13896037060)

  • The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California

  • Learning Research and Development Center, Pittsburg

  • Mercedes Benz Research Development North America

  • National Museum of the U.S. Air Force-Research and Development Gallery

  • Microsoft Israel R&D Center

  • General Motors R&D, Israel

References

  1. ↑ Rodney Michael. What is Research and Development? - Definition, Methods & ExamplesStudy.com. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
  2. ↑ Wragg, David W.. A Dictionary of Aviation (1973)Osprey. p. 223. ISBN 9780850451634.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Research And Development - R&DInvestopedia. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Bronwyn H. Hall. Research and Development (December 2006)Economics Laboratory, University of California; Berkeley. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
  5. ↑ Bradford Goldense. What’s The Difference Between Research and Development?. Machine Design (16 September 2014)Penton. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 research and development (R&D). Business DictionaryWebFinance Inc. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
  7. ↑ The top innovators and spenders. Strategy&PwC. Retrieved 11 October 2016.

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