Reverse osmosis

A reverse osmosis system
A – Applied pressure
B – Seawater in
C – Particles
D – Membrane
E – Clean water out
F – Distribution

Reverse osmosis is a way of purifying water with the use of a filter (a membrane). The particles in the water are left on the other side of the sheet, while the water travels through it.The main use is for purifying salt water,^[1] but it can also be used to purify other substances.^[2]

Reverse Osmosis Media

RO production train, North Cape Coral Reverse Osmosis Plant
Countertop reverse osmosis filter system with integrated water heater
Disc tube module with RO membrane cushion and Spiral wound module with RO membrane
Reverse osmosis membrane element layers at the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research in The Negev desert.
Cutaway of a 16" reverse osmosis tube
Schematics of a RO desalination system using a pressure exchanger.1: Sea water inflow,2: Fresh water flow (40%),3: Concentrate flow (60%),4: Sea water flow (60%),5: Concentrate (drain),A: Pump flow (40%),B: Circulation pump,C: Osmosis unit with membrane,D: Pressure exchanger
Schematic of a RO desalination system using an energy recovery pump.1: Sea water inflow (100%, 1 bar),2: Sea water flow (100%, 50 bar),3: Concentrate flow (60%, 48 bar),4: Fresh water flow (40%, 1 bar),5: Concentrate to drain (60%,1 bar),A: Pressure recovery pump,B: Osmosis unit with membrane

References

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[1] Brands of Bottled Water that use RO

[2] WaterFilteroo

[1]

[2]