Social network
A social network is a set of people who interact. This includes group organizations. The social relationships may include friendship/affect, communication, economic transactions, interactions, kinship, authority/hierarchy, trust, social support, diffusion, contagion, and so on.
Calling social relationships a network calls attention to the pattern or structure of the set of relationships.
A community social network is the pattern of relationships among a set of people and/or organizations in a community. Each of these networks can involve social support, give people a sense of community, and lead them to help and protect each other.
How big a personal network becomes depends on the individual and the type of relationships considered. The set of people that a person knows well or with whom a person frequently interacts seldom exceeds several hundred. As the size of a network grows, keeping relationships is strained by the size. There is a so-called "Law of 150" which suggests that about 150 people is the best size for a village or large clan though most people live in much bigger towns. Some experts think that a corporation has an ideal size of about 70 people: these people and their spouses would also make a large social network.
The free rider problem is that someone uses the social network but does not give help when needed. Social networks are vulnerable to them, since the circumstances where help is required, like disasters, occur by surprise. It might happen that someone cannot help at that one time - it might also happen that they are not there the next time. Only slowly does it become obvious who is and is not contributing to the safety of the group, or who is avoiding this duty.
Social networks are held together by common interest. This may be employment, common interest in a sport or pastime, a religion (a mosque, church or temple is almost always a center of a social network). Often the network has an identity of its own which is quite real, even though it may have no official recognition. Networks may be centered on places, or on families, or on worldwide communities with common interests.
Social Network Media
Evolution graph of a social network: Barabási model.
Moreno's sociogram of a 2nd grade class
Self-organization of a network, based on Nagler, Levina, & Timme (2011)
A fictional social network diagram. It consists of 165 Nodes and 1851 Edges.The SVG-file was auto-generated by script. The underlying node/edge data can be extracted from the circle/line elements.
Social network diagram, meso-level
Examples of a random network and a scale-free network. Each graph has 32 nodes and 32 links. Note the "hubs" (shaded) in the scale-free diagram (on the right).
Diagram: section of a large-scale social network
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Sources
- The Law of 150 is documented in R.I.M. Dunbar 1992. Neocortex size as a constraint on group size in primates. Journal of Human Evolution. 20, pp. 469–493.
- The field of study which investigates human social life is social psychology.