Spectrograph
A spectrograph is an instrument that breaks up a wave into a frequency spectrum. These could be sound, light or radio waves. For example the frequency spectrum of light is the brightness (intensity) and the amount of each colour. There are several kinds of machines called spectrographs, used to look at different waves. The term was first used in 1884.[1]
A spectrograph is closely related to a polychromator.
Spectrographs and astronomy
In astronomy, the first spectrographs used photographic paper as the detector. The star spectral classification and discovery of the main sequence, Hubble's law and the Hubble sequence were all made using photographic paper. The plant pigment phytochrome was discovered using a spectrograph that used living plants as the detector. New spectrographs use electronic detectors, such as CCDs which can be used for both visible and UV light. The type of detector depends on the wavelengths of light to be recorded.
Echelle spectrograph
An echelle spectrograph is a special machine which is able to break up light waves, with a high resolution and little interference. It does this by using very narrow slits which breaks light into beams, and then breaking up those beams again.
Spectrograph Media
Grating spectrometer schematic
Internal structure of a grating spectrometer: Light comes from left side and diffracts on the upper middle reflective grating. The wavelength of light is then selected by the slit on the upper right corner.
Comparison of different diffraction based spectrometers: Reflection optics, refraction optics, fiber/integrated optics[source?]
A very simple spectroscope based on a prism
The KMOS spectrograph.
References
- James, John (2007), Spectrograph Design Fundamentals (Cambridge University Press) ISBN 0521864631
Other websites
- Spectrograph for astronomical Spectra Archived 2013-01-26 at the Wayback Machine