Taurine
Taurine is an organic compound. It is up to 0.1% of total human body weight, and is a main constituent of bile. Taurine is essential for the heart, the skeletal muscles, the retina, and the nerves. The body makes it from the amino acid cysteine.
| Taurine | |
|---|---|
| |
| |
| |
2-Aminoethane-1-sulfonic acid | |
| Other names | 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid Tauric acid |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | DB01956 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:15891 |
| SMILES | O=S(=O)(O)CCN |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C2H7NO3S |
| Molar mass | 125.13 g mol-1 |
| Density | 1.734 g/cm3 (at −173.15 °C) |
| Melting point |
305.11 °C, 578 K, 581 °F |
| Acidity (pKa) | <0, 9.06 |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) | |
Taurine comes from the Latin /taurus/ which means bull or ox. It was first extracted from ox bile in 1827.[1]
Food
Taurine is in fish and meat.[2][3][4] The daily intake is around 58 mg (range from 9 to 400 mg). It is low or negligible from a strict vegan diet. Taurine intake is generally less than 200 mg/day.[5]
Energy drinks
Synthetic taurine is used to make some "energy drinks". Many contain 1000 mg per serving,[6] and some as much as 2000 mg.[7]
Taurine Media
Oxidative degradation of cysteine to taurine
References
- ↑ F. Tiedemann, L. Gmelin; Gmelin (1827). "Einige neue Bestandtheile der Galle des Ochsen". Annalen der Physik. 85 (2): 326–37. Bibcode:1827AnP....85..326T. doi:10.1002/andp.18270850214.
- ↑ Bouckenooghe T, Remacle C, Reusens B (2006). "Is taurine a functional nutrient?". Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 9 (6): 728–33. doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000247469.26414.55. PMID 17053427. S2CID 24064647.
- ↑ Brosnan J, Brosnan M (2006). "The sulfur-containing amino acids: an overview". J Nutr. 136 (6 Suppl): 1636S–40S. doi:10.1093/jn/136.6.1636S. PMID 16702333.
- ↑ Huxtable RJ (1992). "Physiological actions of taurine". Physiol Rev. 72 (1): 101–163. doi:10.1152/physrev.1992.72.1.101. PMID 1731369.
- ↑ "Opinion on Caffeine, Taurine and D-Glucurono — g -Lactone as constituents of so-called "energy" drinks". Directorate-General Health and Consumers, European Commission, European Union. 1999-01-21.
- ↑ rockstar69.com Original Rockstar Ingredients Archived 2007-11-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Chang, PL (2008-05-03). "Nos Energy Drink – Review". energyfanatics.com. Archived from the original on 2008-06-17. Retrieved 2010-05-21.