Taurine
Taurine is an organic compound. It is up to 0.1% of total human body weight, and is a main constituent of bile. Taurine is essential for the heart, the skeletal muscles, the retina, and the nerves. The body makes it from the amino acid cysteine.
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
2-Aminoethane-1-sulfonic acid | |
| Other names
2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid
Tauric acid | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | DB01956 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:15891 |
| SMILES | O=S(=O)(O)CCN |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C2H7NO3S |
| Molar mass | 125.13 g mol-1 |
| Density | 1.734 g/cm3 (at −173.15 °C) |
| Melting point |
305.11 °C, 578 K, 581 °F |
| Acidity (pKa) | <0, 9.06 |
Taurine comes from the Latin /taurus/ which means bull or ox. It was first extracted from ox bile in 1827.[1]
Food
Taurine is in fish and meat.[2][3][4] The daily intake is around 58 mg (range from 9 to 400 mg). It is low or negligible from a strict vegan diet. Taurine intake is generally less than 200 mg/day.[5]
Energy drinks
Synthetic taurine is used to make some "energy drinks". Many contain 1000 mg per serving,[6] and some as much as 2000 mg.[7]
Taurine Media
Oxidative degradation of cysteine to taurine
References
- ↑ F. Tiedemann, L. Gmelin. Einige neue Bestandtheile der Galle des Ochsen. Annalen der Physik 85 (2) (1827). p. 326–37. doi:10.1002/andp.18270850214.
- ↑ Is taurine a functional nutrient?. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 9 (6) (2006). p. 728–33. doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000247469.26414.55.
- ↑ The sulfur-containing amino acids: an overview. J Nutr 136 (6 Suppl) (2006). p. 1636S–40S. doi:10.1093/jn/136.6.1636S.
- ↑ Huxtable RJ. Physiological actions of taurine. Physiol Rev 72 (1) (1992). p. 101–163. doi:10.1152/physrev.1992.72.1.101.
- ↑ Opinion on Caffeine, Taurine and D-Glucurono — g -Lactone as constituents of so-called "energy" drinks (1999-01-21)Directorate-General Health and Consumers, European Commission, European Union.
- ↑ rockstar69.com Original Rockstar Ingredients Archived 2007-11-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Chang, PL. Nos Energy Drink – Review (2008-05-03)energyfanatics.com. Retrieved 2010-05-21.