Titanium dioxide

Titanium dioxide
IUPAC name	Titanium dioxide; Titanium(IV) oxide
Other names	Titania; Rutile; Anatase; Brookite
Identifiers
CAS number	13463-67-7
PubChem	26042
KEGG	C13409
ChEBI	CHEBI:32234
RTECS number	XR2775000
SMILES	O=[Ti]=O
	InChI
Properties
Molecular formula	TiO2
Molar mass	79.866 g/mol
Appearance	White solid
Odor	Odorless
Density	4.23 g/cm3 (rutile); 3.78 g/cm3 (anatase);
Melting point	1843 °C, 2116 K, 3349 °F
Boiling point
Solubility in water	Insoluble
Band gap	3.05 eV (rutile)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	+5.9·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	2.488 (anatase); 2.583 (brookite); 2.609 (rutile);
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of; formation ΔfHo298	−945 kJ·mol−1
Standard molar; entropy So298	50 J·mol−1·K−1
Hazards
EU classification	Not listed
NFPA 704	0 1 0
Flash point	not flammable
U.S. Permissible; exposure limit (PEL)	TWA 15 mg/m3
Related compounds
Other cations	Zirconium dioxide; Hafnium dioxide
	Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)

Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania /taɪˈteɪniə/, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO₂. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. Generally, it is made from ilmenite, rutile, and anatase. It has a lot of uses, including paint, sunscreen, and food coloring. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E171. 9 million tonnes of it were made in the world in 2014.^[3]^[4] It is used in around two-thirds of all pigments, and pigments based on the oxide have a total value of around $13.2 billion.^[5]

Titanium Dioxide Media

Structure of anatase. Together with rutile and brookite, one of the three major polymorphs of TiO2.
Industrial key players in the production of titanium dioxide - 2022
Evolution of the global production of titanium dioxide according to process
Relevant patent families describing titanium dioxide production from ilmenite, 2002–2021.
Academic and public institutions having significant patent activity in titanium dioxide production, 2022.
Synthetic single crystals of TiO2, c. 2–3 mm in size, cut from a larger plate
SEM (top) and TEM (bottom) images of chiral TiO2 nanofibers
Titanium oxide nanotubes, SEM image
Nanotubes of titanium dioxide (TiO2-Nt) obtained by electrochemical synthesis. The SEM image shows an array of vertical self-ordered TiO2-Nt with closed bottom ends of tubes.