Upwelling
Upwelling is a rise of water from deep cold water towards the ocean surface.
Upwelling occurs in the open ocean and along coastlines. The reverse process, called “downwelling,” also occurs when wind causes surface water to build up along a coastline and the surface water eventually sinks toward the bottom.[1]
Upwelling Media
Effects of equatorial upwelling on surface chlorophyll concentrations in the Pacific ocean 
Upwelling in the Southern Ocean 
Unusually strong winds from the east push warm (red) surface water towards Africa, allowing cold (blue) water to upwell along the Sumatran coast 
During an El Niño, wind indirectly drives warm water to the South American coast, reducing the effects of cold upwelling.
References
- ↑ "What is upwelling?". NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
