Abbas the Great
Abbas the Great or Abbas I of Persia (Persian: شاه عباس بزرگ; 27 January 1571 – 19 January 1629) was a Turkoman ruler,[1] the 5th Safavid Shahanshah of Iran zamin, and is generally considered one of the greatest rulers of Iranian history and the Safavid dynasty. He was the third son of Shah Mohammad Khodabanda.[2]
| Abbas the Great | |
|---|---|
 Portrait by an unknown Italian painter | |
| Shah of Iran | |
| 1595-19th January 1629 | |
| Predecessor | Mohammad Khodabanda |
| Successor | Safi Mirza |
| Born | 27 January 1571 Herat, Safavid Iran (modern-day Afghanistan) |
| Died | 19 January 1629 (aged 57) Mazandaran, Safavid Iran |
| Father | Mohammad Khodabanda |
| Mother | Khairun Nissa |
| Religion | Shia Islam |
Muhammad Kodabanda had weak eyes and was not determined in the administration of the country and the monarchy. He was not a suitable politician to run Persia. Abbas the Great, with the help of Qizilbash tribal leaders, managed to gradually take power from his father during numerous wars, such as the Khorasan Wars, and finally sat on the throne in 1588.[3]
Early life
Abbas was a member of the Safavid dynasty of Turkic or (Turkish) origin. The Safavid family were descendants of the Persian[4][5][6][7][8][9] dervish (mystic) Safi ad-Din Ardabili. His mother, Khairun Nissa was of Mazanderani[10] origin.
Abbas The Great Media
Portrait of Shah Abbas as a young man. Painted c. 1590.
Accession of Shah Abbas to the throne in Qazvin. Page from Ahmad Monshi Ghomi's Kholāsat al-Tavārikh
Shah Abbas had to give his young nephew Haydar Mirza as a hostage to the Ottoman court, in order to seal the Peace Treaty of Istanbul in 1590.[11]
Shah Abbas I of Persia. Near-contemporary frescoe from the Palace of Chehel Sotoun, depicting Abbas the Great welcoming an Uzbek ruler, Vali Muhammad Khan. Isfahan, painted circa 1647-50.
Portrait of Abbas the Great on Etchmiadzin Cathedral, Vagharshapat, Armenia
Anthony Shirley and Robert Shirley (pictured in 1622) helped modernise the Persian Army.
Drawing of the capture of Tabriz and the parading before Shah Abbas I of the severed heads of Ottoman soldiers. Drawn by a European traveller, 1603.
Tabriz is plundered by the Ottoman army of the Grand Vizier Damat Halil Pasha in 1618, during the Ottoman–Safavid War (1616–1618).
Standing portrait of Shah Abbas I with one attendant. Painted in 1632-33 by Mo'in-i Musavver. Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Harvard University Art Museums, 1960.48.
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References
- ↑ Polk, William R. (2018). Crusade and Jihad: The Thousand-Year War Between the Muslim World and the Global North. Yale University Press. p. 48, "(...) Safavid Iranian ruler Shah Abbas made his capital in 1598. (...)"
- ↑ Thorne, John O., ed. (1984). "Abbas I". Chambers Biographical Dictionary. Edinburgh, UK: Chambers Harrap.
- ↑ Roger Savory Iran Under the Safavids 1st Edition ISBN 978-0521042512
- ↑ Maisel, Sebastian (2018). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-CLIO. p. 7, "(...) Safavids, a Sufi religious order founded by a Kurdish mystic, Safi ad-Din Ardabili (1252–1334)."
- ↑ Kamal, Muhammad (2006). Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 24, "(...) Shaykh Safi al-Din, a Sunni Sufi master descended from a Kurdish family (...)"
- ↑ Gelvin, James L. (2008), The Modern Middle East: A History, Oxford University Press, p. 331, "Shah Isma'il (reigned 1501-1520) Descendent of the Kurdish mystic Safi ad-Din (...)"
- ↑ Tapper, Richard. (1997), Frontier nomads of Iran: a political and social history of the Shahsevan, Cambridge University Press, p. 39, "The Safavid Shahs who ruled Iran between 1501 and 1722 descended from Sheikh Safi ad-Din of Ardabil (1252-1334). [...] Their own origins were obscure: probably of Kurdish or Iranian extraction (...)"
- ↑ Lapidus, Ira M. (2012). Islamic Societies to the Nineteenth Century: A Global History. Cambridge University Press. p. 492, "Shaykh Safi al—Din [...] a Sunni/Sufi religious teacher descended from a Kurdish family (...)"
- ↑ V. Minorsky, "The Poetry of Shāh Ismā‘īl I," Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 10/4 (1942): 1006–53.
- ↑ Newman, Andrew J. (2012). Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- ↑ Casale 2023, p. 149.