Acid–base reaction
An acid-base reaction is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base. The products of such a reaction are a salt and water. This reaction may also regarded as neutralization reaction.
The reaction can be simplified to
The other ions remain constant because they are not affected by the reaction. They are called spectator ions.
Acids and oxides
An example of an acid-oxide reaction is sulfuric acid and copper(II) oxide reacting to form copper sulfate and water:
- H2SO4 + CuO —> CuSO4 + H2O
Another example of an acid-oxide reaction is nitric acid reacting with sodium oxide to form sodium nitrate and water:
- 2 HNO3 + Na2O —> 2 NaNO3 + H2O
The general equation is:
- acid + oxide = salt + water
Acids and hydroxides
This is one of the more common acid-base reactions. This reaction is one of the few processes to make sodium chloride using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide:
- HCl + NaOH —> NaCl + H2O
Acids and carbonates
An acid can also react with a carbonate, which is a relatively weak base. An example is acetic acid reacting with calcium carbonate to form calcium acetate, carbon dioxide and water:
- 2 CH3COOH + CaCO3 —> Ca(CH3COO)2 + CO2 + H2O
The products of an acid-carbonate reaction is a soluble salt, carbon dioxide and water.
Acid–base Reaction Media
Video of reaction between gaseous hydrochloric acid and ammonia (base), forming white ammonium chloride
Svante Arrhenius (* 19. Februar 1859 auf Gut Wik bei Uppsala; † 2. Oktober 1927 in Stockholm)
Monocalcium phosphate ("MCP") is a common acid component in domestic baking powders.
Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted, a Danish physical chemist.
Thomas Martin Lowry (26 October 1874 – 2 November 1936)
- Bronstedlowryddiagram
