Alice Paul
Alice Stokes Paul (January 11, 1885 – July 9, 1977) was an American suffragist and activist. Along with Lucy Burns and others, she led a successful campaign for women's suffrage. Her work resulted in the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920.[1] Lucy Burns was part of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and she had been treated badly as Alice Paul was but she went to save the women rights by suffering.[2] Lucy Burns met Alice Paul in the police station in London when both were arrested because they were protesting Parliament[2]
Paul was the original author of a proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the Constitution in 1923.[3] The ERA would not get to the Senate for a vote until 1972. That year, it was approved by the Senate and submitted to the state legislatures for ratification. Approval by 38 states was required to ratify the amendment. Not enough states — only 35 — voted in favor before the deadline. However, people still work to have the states pass the ERA passed by Congress in the 1970s. Other people are working to add a new equality amendment to the US Constitution. Also, almost half of the U.S. states have adopted the ERA into their state constitutions.[4] Alice paul was treated badly but she stood up for the women rights.[5]
Alice Paul Media
Paul and Helen Gardener, c. 1908–1915
Alice Paul, 1915. Glass negative, "5 x 7 in. or smaller"
Inez Milholland leading the Woman Suffrage Procession on horseback in 1913
Cover to the program for the 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession, which Paul organized
Paul toasting (with grape juice) passage of the Nineteenth Amendment on August 26, 1920
In January 2019, the House and Senate introduced resolutions to remove the deadline for ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment, which was added in 1972 and which Paul accurately predicted would compromise the ERA's chances for success.
Paul's grave site in Cinnaminson, New Jersey
Paul depicted on the 2012 First Spouse program ten-dollar coin as a substitute for a president having no spouse
The Alice Paul Residence Hall at Swarthmore College in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, named in Paul's honor
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References
- ↑ Jean H. Baker[dead link] "Placards at the White House," American Heritage, Winter 2010.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Lucy Burns | National Woman's Party". nationalwomansparty.org. Archived from the original on 2018-02-27. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
- ↑ "Alice Paul Biography.". Lakewood Public Library: Women in History. http://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/paul-ali.htm. Retrieved 2006-05-01.
- ↑ "ERA Charm Bracelet". National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
- ↑ "Brutal Treatment of Women Suffragists at Occoquan Workhouse". ThoughtCo. http://womenshistory.about.com/od/suffrage1900/a/suffrage_brutal.htm. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
- Adams, Katherine H. and Michael L. Keene. Alice Paul and the American Suffrage Campaign. University of Illinois Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-252-07471-4
- Walton, Mary. A Woman's Crusade: Alice Paul and the Battle for the Ballot. Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. ISBN 978-0-230-61175-7
Other websites
- R.Digati (Mar 23, 2002). "Alice Paul". Social Reformer, Suffragette. Find a Grave. Retrieved Aug 17, 2011. (Westfield Friends Burial Ground, Cinnaminson, New Jersey)
- The Alice Paul Institute
- Alice Paul Archived 2006-06-19 at the Wayback Machine at Lakewood Public Library: Women In History Archived 2006-06-04 at the Wayback Machine
- The Sewall-Belmont House & Museum—Home of the historic National Woman's Party Archived 2011-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
- Biographical sketch Archived 2008-12-22 at the Wayback Machine at the University of Pennsylvania