Anti-German sentiment
Anti-German sentiment (Germanophobia or Teutophobia) is an opposition to, or fear of, Germany, Germans, its culture and the German language.[1] The opposite is called Germanophilia.
The sentiment began with the mid-19th century unification of Germany, which made the new nation a rival to the Great powers of Europe in economics, military, cultural, and geopolitical grounds. It was believed correctly in other countries that Otto von Bismarck and Helmuth von Moltke were driving Germany towards domination of the European landmass. Bismark unified Germany in 1871 and was their first Chancellor, serving until 1890.
Von Moltke the elder was chief of staff of the Prussian Army for 30 years. He commanded in the Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-Prussian War. He is described as a "Prussian military organization and tactical genius".[2] He was fascinated with railways and pioneered their military usage. He is often referred to as Moltke the Elder to distinguish him from his nephew Helmuth Johann Ludwig von Moltke, who commanded the German Army (Deutsches Heer) at the outbreak of World War I.[3]
Anti-German Sentiment Media
World War I Anti-German propaganda: a dachshund wearing a Pickelhaube and an Iron cross being strangled by Uncle Sam.
The Battle of Dorking (1871) in which England is invaded by Germany
The Tacoma times., December 08, 1917 page 2 - Doings of the Duffs (1914–1931) originally by Walter Allman (US). This cartoon seems to showcase anti-German sentiment.
A sign in Covington, Kentucky, notes that a street name was changed from Bremen Street to Pershing Avenue due to "anti-German hysteria" during World War I.
Propaganda poster, c. 1919, from the British Empire Union calling for boycott of German goods and depicting German businesspeople selling their products in Britain as "the other face" of German soldiers who committed atrocities during World War I
Prague-born restaurant owner Fred Horak of Somerville, Massachusetts, putting up a sign barring German customers from entering his property until "Hitler the Gangster" returns the lands seized from Czechoslovakia, 18 March 1939
- INFWarEffortWebeat'embefore.we'llbeat'emagain
Australian Anti-German propaganda cartoon by Norman Lindsay, c. 1914–1918
1850s political cartoon by John H. Goater depicting Irish and German caricatures 'stealing an election' with chaos at the 'Election Day Polls', fueling fears of immigrant political power.
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References
- ↑ Joseph P. Pickett. American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition (2000)Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-395-82517-4.
- ↑ Optimism has made wars likelier and bloodier. 12 October 2017. https://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21730133-lawrence-freedman-traces-long-history-predictionsrarely-correctthat-fighting-would-be.
- ↑ Dupuy, Trevor 1984. A genius for war: the German army and general staff 1807-1945. United Kingdom: Hero Books