Apollo 15
Apollo 15 was the ninth crewed flight of NASA's Apollo program. It was the fourth mission to land on the surface of the Moon and the first J-Type mission. Apollo 15 was launched on July 26, 1971.[16]: Script error: The function "hyphen2dash" does not exist.  Alfred Worden stayed in orbit in the Command Module, Endeavour, while the Lunar Module, Falcon, landed at Hadley Base, with David Scott and James Irwin. The astronauts used the first Lunar Roving Vehicle to travel on the Moon.[17] This vehicle was specially designed to work in a vacuum, with a wide range of temperatures across rough ground. They travelled a distance of 17.5 mi (28 km) on the Moon.[18] They spent three days (66 hours, 55 minutes) on the Moon. They were able to collect a lot of rock samples, including a core sample from at least 10 ft (3 m) deep.[18]
 Jim Irwin salutes the United States flag on the Moon, August 1, 1971 | |
| Mission type | Crewed lunar landing |
|---|---|
| Operator | NASA[1] |
| COSPAR ID |
|
| SATCAT no. |
|
| Mission duration | 12 days, 7 hours, 11 minutes, 53 seconds[3] |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft |
|
| Manufacturer |
|
| Launch mass | 48,599 kilograms (107,142 lb) |
| Landing mass | 5,321 kilograms (11,731 lb)[6] |
| Crew | |
| Crew size | 3 |
| Members | |
| Callsign |
|
| EVAs | 1 in cislunar space and 4 on the lunar surface[7] |
| EVA duration | 39 minutes, 7 seconds[7] Spacewalk to retrieve film cassettes |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | July 26, 1971, 13:34:00.6 UTC[8] |
| Rocket | Saturn V AS-510[9] |
| Launch site | Kennedy LC-39A |
| End of mission | |
| Recovered by | USS Okinawa[3] |
| Landing date | August 7, 1971, 20:45:53 UTC[3] |
| Landing site | North Pacific Ocean 26°7′N 158°8′W / 26.117°N 158.133°W[3] |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Selenocentric[10] |
| Periselene | 101.5 kilometers (54.8 nmi)[10] |
| Aposelene | 120.8 kilometers (65.2 nmi)[10] |
| Inclination | 23 degrees[10] |
| Epoch | July 30, 1971[10] |
| Lunar orbiter | |
| Spacecraft component | Command and service module |
| Orbital insertion | July 29, 1971, 20:05:46 UTC[7] |
| Orbital departure | August 4, 1971, 21:22:45 UTC[7] |
| Orbits | 74[11] |
| Lunar lander | |
| Spacecraft component | Lunar module |
| Landing date | July 30, 1971, 22:16:29 UTC[7] |
| Return launch | August 2, 1971, 17:11:23 UTC[7] |
| Landing site | 26°07′56″N 3°38′02″E / 26.1322°N 3.6339°E[12] |
| Sample mass | 77 kilograms (170 lb)[3] |
| Surface EVAs | 4 (including standup) |
| EVA duration | |
| Lunar rover | |
| Distance covered | 27.9 kilometers (17.3 mi)[3] |
| Docking with LM | |
| Docking date | July 26, 1971, 17:07:49 UTC[7] |
| Undocking date | July 30, 1971, 18:13:16 UTC[7] |
| Docking with LM Ascent Stage | |
| Docking date | August 2, 1971, 19:10:25 UTC[7] |
| Undocking date | August 3, 1971, 01:04:01 UTC[7] |
| Payload | |
| |
| Mass |
|
 Left to right: Scott, Worden, Irwin | |
Apollo 15 Media
Scott and Irwin train to use the rover
Commander David Scott takes a photograph during geology training in Hawaii, December 1970
- ApolloSIMbay
Irwin with the Lunar Roving Vehicle on the Moon. Mons Hadley is in the background.
Artist's conception of subsatellite deployment
- Apollo 15 launch.ogg
Apollo 15 launches on July 26, 1971
- Apollo 15 TandD.ogv
Command module pilot Al Worden maneuvers the CSM to a docking with the LM
Image of Earth taken during the translunar coast
The interior of Falcon
Apollo 15 landing on the Moon at Hadley, seen from the perspective of the Lunar Module Pilot. Starts at about 5,000 feet (1,500 m).
- Apollo 15 lunar rover EVA2.ogg
Aboard the Lunar Roving Vehicle
David Scott's hammer and feather experiment
The liftoff from the Moon as seen by the TV camera on the lunar rover
The Apollo 15 Command Module Pilot Al Worden undertakes an EVA to retrieve film cassettes from the Science Instrument Module.
Endeavour filmed from Falcon after undocking
Deployment of the lunar rover on the Moon
Liftoff from the Moon, seen through the LMP's window as Scott and Irwin play a prerecorded instrumental version of the song "The U.S. Air Force", commonly known as "Wild Blue Yonder".
Film of the splashdown of Apollo 15
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References
- ↑ Orloff, Richard W.. Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Series (September 2004). Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Apollo 15 Lunar Module /ALSEPNASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Mission Report, p. 3.
- ↑ Apollo 15 Command Module (March 17, 2016)Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
- ↑ Lunar Module LM-2 (March 21, 2016)Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
- ↑ Mission Report, p. 263.
- ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 Orloff, Richard W.. Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Series (September 27, 2005). Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
- ↑ Mission Report, p. 1.
- ↑ Orloff & Harland, p. 426.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Mission Report, pp. 10–11.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Orloff, Richard W.. Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. NASA History Series (September 27, 2005). Washington, D.C.: NASA. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
- ↑ NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 15 LM descent stageNASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
- ↑ Mission Report, p. 15.
- ↑ Mission Report, pp. 15–16.
- ↑ Mission Report, p. 16.
- ↑ Furniss, Tim. The History of Space Vehicles (2001). London: Grange Books. ISBN 1-84013-370-8.
- ↑ Lang, Kenneth R.. The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System (2011)Cambridge University Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-521-19857-8.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 NASA - Apollo 15. nasa.gov (2009). Retrieved August 11, 2012.
