Ashurbanipal
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Ashurbanipal (685 BC – 627 BC), the son of Esarhaddon, was the last great king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. He established (started) the first organized library in the ancient Middle East, the Library of Ashurbanipal, which survives in part today at Nineveh.
In the Bible he is called Asenappar.[1] Roman historian Justinus identified him as Sardanapalus, and describes him as effeminate.[2]
Ashurbanipal Media
The victory stele of Esarhaddon, Ashurbanipal's father. The front side depicts Esarhaddon and the sides depict the two crown princes Ashurbanipal (on the side shown here) and Shamash-shum-ukin (on the opposite side) Pergamon Museum [3]
A copy of the Zakutu Treaty, drawn up by Ashurbanipal's grandmother Naqi'a in 669 BC, imploring the populace of Assyria to swear loyalty to Ashurbanipal
Relief depicting Ashurbanipal's army attacking an Egyptian fortified city, possibly Memphis, during the Assyrian conquest of Egypt.
The Rassam cylinder of Ashurbanipal, the most complete chronicle of his reign, includes a description of the campaign of Egypt. Nineveh, 643 BCE. British Museum.
Set of reliefs depicting the 653 BCE Battle of Ulai, between the Assyrians and the Elamite king Teumman
Relief depicting tongue removal and live flaying of Elamite chiefs after the Battle of Ulai
Assyrian spearmen depicted in a palace relief from Nineveh, 7th century BC
Stone monument depicting Shamash-shum-ukin as a basket-bearer
Confirmation of a land grant by Shamash-shum-ukin
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References
- ↑ See Ezra Ch4, verse 10.
- ↑ Marcus Junianus Justinus. "Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus".
His successors too, following his example, gave answers to their people through their ministers. The Assyrians, who were afterwards called Syrians, held their empire thirteen hundred years. The last king that reigned over them was Sardanapalus, a man more effeminate than a woman.
- ↑ Brereton 2018, p. 15.