Atlantis
Atlantis is a name for a fictional large island or small continent that was in the Atlantic Ocean many years before it sank into the depth of the sea.[1]
The name Atlantis first appears in the writings of Herodotus - he describes the western ocean as "Sea of Atlantis." Then, one generation later, Atlantis is described in detail in the stories Timaeus and Critias by the Greek philosopher Plato.[2] He used this story to help explain his ideas about government and philosophy. Plato was the only ancient writer who wrote specific things about Atlantis.[1]
According to Plato, the Atlanteans lived 9000 years before his own time and were half human and half god. They created a very good human society. When they stopped being good people and did bad things, the gods sent earthquakes and fire to destroy Atlantis.[1]
Many scholars think that Plato could mean a real place when he was writing about Atlantis. For example, there was a Minoan kingdom on the island of Santorini. The Minoan kingdom was very powerful thousands of years before Plato, and their society was damaged when a volcano erupted on their island.[1] According to Plato, Atlantis was very large, as big as North Africa, so it should not have been hard to find.[3]
After the discovery of the Americas, some people in Europe thought they might be Atlantis.[3] However, after Plato, the idea of Atlantis was mostly forgotten until 1882, when a writer named Ignatius Donnelly wrote a book saying that Atlantis was real and that the culture of Atlantis had started many other ancient cultures, such as the Egyptian and Mayan. Then other people became interested in Atlantis.[3] [4]
Atlantis has appeared in many works of fiction. In Marvel Comics, Atlantis is at the bottom of the ocean and exists in modern times, with people who breathe water. Other works of fiction use Atlantis as background. For example, Robert E. Howard set his Conan the Barbarian stories in a fictional time called the Hyborian Age, which began with the destruction of Atlantis and ended when real written history started.[5][6]
Atlantis Media
Athanasius Kircher's map of Atlantis, placing it in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, from Mundus Subterraneus 1669, published in Amsterdam. The map is oriented with south at the top.
A fifteenth-century Latin translation of Plato's Timaeus
Map of Atlantis according to William Scott-Elliot (The Story of Atlantis, Russian edition, 1910) 
The Santorini caldera on June 24, 2022, taken from the International Space Station. From the Minoan eruption event, and the 1964 discovery of Akrotiri on the island, this location is one of many sites purported to have been the location of Atlantis.
A map showing the hypothetical extent of Doggerland (c. 8,000 BC), which provided a land bridge between Great Britain and continental Europe
A Faroe Islands postage stamp honoring Janus Djurhuus's poem "Atlantis"
François de Nomé's The Fall of Atlantis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Willie Drye (21 January 2017). "Atlantis: Plato created the legend of Atlantis. So why is it still popular more than 2,000 years later?". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
- ↑ Plato (n.d.) [360 BCE]. "Critias". Translated by Benjamin Jowett. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on February 7, 2006. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Geoffrey Giller (July 21, 2020). Where Is the Lost City of Atlantis — and Does It Even Exist?. Discover Magazine. https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/where-is-the-lost-city-of-atlantis-and-does-it-even-exist. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
- ↑ Zac Farber (May 30, 2018). Ignatius Donnelly: Paranoid Progressive in the Gilded Age. Minnesota Lawyer. https://minnlawyer.com/2018/05/30/ignatius-donnelly-paranoid-progressive-in-the-gilded-age/. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
- ↑ Conan the Cimmerian: Not the Barbarian You Remember. Carnegie Library. November 7, 2018. https://www.carnegielibrary.org/conan-the-cimmerian-not-what-you-remember/. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
- ↑ Tim Dedopulos (August 6, 2019). "Howard's Hyborian Age". Conan Official Site. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
