Binomial distribution
In probability and statistics, the binomial distribution is a probability distribution which models the probabilities of having a certain number of successes among n identical trials (each having p as the probability of success). It is also written as [math]\displaystyle{ \operatorname{Bin}(n, p) }[/math].[1] The variables n and p are thus the two parameters of a binomial distribution.
The binomial distribution has discrete values. It counts the number of successes in yes/no-type experiments. Each of these experiment, also called Bernoulli trial,[2] either results in success or failure.[3] Examples of binomial distribution include:
- Tossing a coin 10 times, and counting the number of face-ups. (n=10, p=1/2)
- Rolling a dice 10 times, and counting the number of sixes. (n=10, p=1/6)
- Counting the number of green-eyed people among 500 randomly chosen people (assuming that 5% of all people have green eyes). (n=500, p=0.05)
In order to use the binomial distribution, the following must be true about the problem:
- The outcomes are mutually exclusive, that is, there are two possible outcomes which cannot occur simultaneously (for example. in flipping a coin, there are two possible outcomes: heads or tails. It is always one or the other, never both or a mix of outcomes).
- The probability of a success (p) is consistent throughout the problem (for example, a basketball player makes 85% of his free throws. Each time the player attempts a free throw, 85% is assumed to be the likelihood of a made shot).
- The trials are independent of each other (for example, on the second flip of a coin, the first outcome does not impact the chance of the next toss: the chance of tossing a heads (or tails) is still 50%).
Binomial Distribution Media
Probability mass function for the binomial distribution
Cumulative distribution function for the binomial distribution
Binomial distribution for p=0.5with n and k as in Pascal's triangleThe probability that a ball in a Galton box with 8 layers (n = 8) ends up in the central bin (k = 4) is 70/256.
Binomial probability mass function and normal probability density function approximation for n = 6 and p = 0.5
Related pages
References
- ↑ "List of Probability and Statistics Symbols". Math Vault. 2020-04-26. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
- ↑ Weisstein, Eric W. "Binomial Distribution". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
- ↑ "1.3.6.6.18. Binomial Distribution". www.itl.nist.gov. Retrieved 2020-09-12.