Burgenland
The Burgenland (Austro-Bavarian: Burgnlaund, Croatian: Gradišće, Hungarian: Felsőőrvidék, Őrvidék, Lajtabánság) is one of the nine federal states of the Federal Republic of Austria. It is the youngest of the nine states and came to Austria after the First World War in 1921. The name Vierburgenland (Land of Four Castles) was created in 1919. It was derived from the name of the four vármegye of the Kingdom of Hungary (in German Komitate, 'counties') known in Hungarian as Pozsony, Moson, Sopron and Vas, or in German as Pressburg, Wieselburg, Ödenburg and Eisenburg. Because Pressburg was given to Czechoslovakia, the number was dropped. In 1922 the name was adopted by the province assembly.
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| Coordinates: 47°09′N 16°16′E / 47.15°N 16.27°ECoordinates: 47°09′N 16°16′E / 47.15°N 16.27°E | |
| Country | Austria |
| Capital | Eisenstadt |
| Government | |
| • Governor | Hans Peter Doskozil (SPÖ) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 3,961.80 km2 (1,529.66 sq mi) |
| Population (1 January 2016) | |
| • Total | 291,023 |
| • Density | 73.45727/km2 (190.2534/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| ISO 3166 code | AT-1 |
| NUTS Region | AT1 |
| Votes in Bundesrat | 3 (of 62) |
| Website | www.burgenland.at |
Geography
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Burgenland has an area of 3961.80 km². It is divided into 3 regions (districts):
- Nordburgenland (northern Burgenland): Eisenstadt, Eisenstadt-Umgebung, Neusiedl am See, Mattersburg and Rust
- Mittelburgenland (middle Burgenland): Oberpullendorf
- Südburgenland (southern Burgenland): Güssing, Jennersdorf and Oberwart
Sometimes Mittelburgenland is seen as a part of southern Burgenland.
The highest point of the state is the Geschriebenstein at 884 m, the lowest point is near Apetlon at 114 m. Burgenland and Hungary share the Neusiedler See. Leitha, Pulka and Raab are important rivers.
Minorities
Burgenland has Croatian (29,000 - 45,000) and Hungarian (5,000 - 15,000) populations. The Burgenland Croatian language is an 16th-century dialect which is different from standard Croatian. In former times there was also a Roma and Jewish population, but the Nazis destroyed them.
- Languages in Burgenland
- German 82,9 %
- Burgenland Croatian 10,4 %
- Hungarian 2,4 %
History
In 1043 a peace treaty between Henry III and King Samuel Aba of Hungary fixed the western border of the Kingdom of Hungary along the Leitha and Lafnitz rivers, among others. The territory of the present-day Burgenland became the western border-zone of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary until the 16th century. The majority of the population was Germanic. There was also immigration in the Middle Ages from the neighbouring Austria. During occupation of Hungary by the Ottoman Empire some parts of today's Burgenland stayed within Habsburg rule. After the Austro-Hungarian empire was formed in 1867 Burgenland was part of the Hungarian part of the monarchy. Because 74% of the inhabitants were of German origin the area came to the new formed Republic of Austria. In the time till the Second World War many people emigrated to the United States. It is said that Chicago is the largest town of the Burgenland.
During the Nazi occupation the state was part of Styria and Lower Danube. In addition to the oppression of the Jews, the ethnic groups Roma and Sinti also suffered under the Nazi regime. The Lackenbach concentration camp for Gypsies was in the area.
After the Second World War Burgenland was part of the Soviet occupation zone. After the Staatsvertrag it had a long border to the communist area in eastern Europe. The economic development was very slow. After joining the European Union this development became faster.
Politics
Burgenland's provincial assembly (Landtag) has 36 seats. The provincial government is a combination of Social Democratic Party (SPÖ) and the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP). The voting age for regional elections in Burgenland was reduced to 16 in 2003.
Landeshauptleute (governors)
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Culture and tourism
The area's main attractions are the Neusiedler See (the lake), the hot springs at Lutzmannsburg, Stegersbach and Bad Tatzmannsdorf. There is also over 500 km of bicycle tracks in Also.
There are several events in summer:
- Seefestspiele Mörbisch is an operetta festival held on a stage on the lakeshore
- St. Margarethen Opera Festival is held across the town at venues like Schlossspiele Kobersdorf
- Burgspiele Güssing, a theatre festival
- Jennersdorf summer festival
- Several music festivals are held in Wiesen
Burgenland Media
Mein Heimatvolk, mein Heimatland
Unterwart Landscape ( East Styrian Hills )
- KarteAutBgld
The Ostrogothic Kingdom in Pannonia
Habsburg mortgages in Burgenland between the 15th and 17th centuries
The Kingdom of Hungary as divided into 3 parts
Protocoll of Venice from Oct.13.1921
A memorial in Krensdorf to soldiers who died in the two World Wars
Burgenland under Soviet administration, 1945–1955
Map of Centrope
References
- ↑ Landeshauptmänner Archived 2013-12-07 at the Wayback Machine; Burgenland official website