Cingulate cortex
The cingulate cortex is a part of the brain in the middle of the cerebral cortex. The two parts of the cingulate cortex are the cingulate gyrus and the cingulate sulcus. The cingulate cortex is above the corpus callosum.
Connections
The cingulate cortex is connected to many other parts of the brain. It gets input from the thalamus and the neocortex. Neurons send information from the cingulate cortex to the entorhinal cortex.
Importance
The cingulate cortex is a part of the limbic system. It is important for emotions,[1] learning,[2] and memory.[3][4] The cingulate gyrus is very important for learning from the result of actions (eg. a child did an action that caused a bad outcome, so the child learned to not do that action).[5] The cingulate cortex is also important in depression[6] and schizophrenia.[7]
Cingulate Cortex Media
Sagittal MRI slice with highlighting indicating location of the cingulate cortex.
Brodmann areas of a medial section of the right hemisphere.
Micrograph showing spindle neurons of the cingulate cortex. HE-LFB stain.
Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere. Medial view. Deep dissection.
Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere. Medial view. Deep dissection.
Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere. Medial view. Deep dissection.
3D view of the cingulate gyrus (green) and paracingulate gyrus (yellow) in an average human brain
References
- ↑ Hadland, K. A.; Rushworth M.F.; et al. (2003). "The effect of cingulate lesions on social behaviour and emotion". Neuropsychologia. 41 (8): 919–931. doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00325-1. PMID 12667528. S2CID 16475051.
- ↑ "Cingulate binds learning". Trends Cogn Sci. 1 (1): 2. 1997. doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(97)85002-4. PMID 21223838. S2CID 33697898.
- ↑ Kozlovskiy, S.; Vartanov A.; Pyasik M.; Nikonova E.; Velichkovsky B. (10 October 2013). "Anatomical Characteristics of Cingulate Cortex and Neuropsychological Memory Tests Performance". Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 86: 128–133. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.537.
- ↑ Kozlovskiy, S.A.; Vartanov A.V.; Nikonova E.Y.; Pyasik M.M.; Velichkovsky B.M. (2012). "The Cingulate Cortex and Human Memory Processes". Psychology in Russia: State of the Art. 5: 231–243. doi:10.11621/pir.2012.0014.
- ↑ Hayden, B. Y.; Platt, M. L. (2010). "Neurons in Anterior Cingulate Cortex Multiplex Information about Reward and Action". Journal of Neuroscience. 30 (9): 3339–3346. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4874-09.2010. PMC 2847481. PMID 20203193.
- ↑ Drevets, W. C.; Savitz, J.; Trimble, M. (2008). "The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in mood disorders". CNS Spectrums. 13 (8): 663–681. doi:10.1017/s1092852900013754. PMC 2729429. PMID 18704022.
- ↑ Adams, R.; David, A. S. (2007). "Patterns of anterior cingulate activation in schizophrenia: A selective review". Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 3 (1): 87–101. doi:10.2147/nedt.2007.3.1.87. PMC 2654525. PMID 19300540.
