Finance
Finance is a study which figures out how people, businesses and groups make and use money. It can mean:
Some simple finance ideas
The process of finance is learning, how people and groups act in managing their money, and most of all how they manage making money, and making a profit, with spending money, or making a loss.
A group that makes more money than it spends can lend or invest the excess profit. On the other hand, a group that makes less money than it spends can raise money by getting a loan or selling part of its assets or spending less, or making more money.
A bank is where many people borrowing money meet people lending money. A bank gets money from lenders, and pays interest. The bank then lends this money to borrowers. Banks allow borrowers and lenders of different sizes to meet.
Corporate finance is about things like the sale of stock by a company to the public. Stock is ownership in a company, broken up into pieces. The stock gives whoever owns it part ownership in that company. If someone buys one share of XYZ Inc, and the company has 100 shares available, the buyer is 1/100th owner of that company and owns 1/100th (1%) of the profit.
Finance is used by people, by governments, by businesses, etc., as well as by all kinds of groups.
Personal finance
This is finance for people. It is about:
- How much money will be needed by a person, now and when they get old.
- Where will this money come from (e.g. savings or borrowing)?
- How can people protect themselves against problems with money in their lives?
- How can family money be given to children and grandchildren?
- How do taxes affect money choices?
Business finance
Business finance is about finding money for a company's activities. It studies trying to make more profit than loss and taking good risks for the chance to make more money. That's what business is all about.
Financial economics
Financial economics is the study of economics which is important to financial things like changes in price and supply of goods.
It studies how much risk some actions that a company may take will cause, and how the company should spend its money.
Financial math
Financial math is the study of math for financial markets. Financial math studies mathematics, mainly statistics.
Finance Media
Bond issued by The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Bonds are a form of borrowing used by corporations to finance their operations.
Share certificate dated 1913 issued by the Radium Hill Company
NYSE's stock exchange traders floor c 1960, before the introduction of electronic readouts and computer screens
Chicago Board of Trade Corn Futures market, 1993
Oil traders, Houston, 2009
Wealth management consultation—here, the financial advisor counsels the client on an appropriate investment strategy.
President George W. Bush, speaking on the Federal Budget in 2007, requesting additional funds from Congress
CBO: 2023 US Federal Budget Infographic
Share prices listed in a Korean newspaper
"The excitement before the bubble burst"—viewing prices via ticker tape, shortly before the Wall Street Crash of 1929
Other websites
- Wharton Finance Knowledge Project Archived 2012-01-31 at the Wayback Machine - Finance knowledge
- For facts about three areas in finance - company finance, money and investment management, see Prof. Aswath Damodaran
- For links to finance web sites see Web Sites for Discerning Finance Students, Prof. John M. Wachowicz - Archived 2019-05-11 at the Wayback Machine
- For the introductory finance web site at the University of Arizona, studyfinance.com
- For introductory articles on mathematical finance see quant notes
- For introductory articles on behavioral finance see the BF gallery
- For introductory articles on financial analysis see Financial Analysis Archived 2012-06-29 at the Wayback Machine
- Learn how to practice good Financial Planning