Crossbow

A drawing of an archer firing a crossbow

The crossbow, or arbalest, is a bow which consists of a bow-like arc called prod and cross-wise body called stock and trigger mechanism. The crossbow is an invention in which the stock, a piece of wood is mounted on two other crossing pieces. Crossbows shoot short arrows called bolts which are similar to arrows. The crossbow was first created by the Chinese people in circa 6 B.C. The crossbow was introduced to China during the Warring States period. This period lasted over three centuries where neighbouring Chinese states fought mercilessly for dominance and territory. Throughout this span of time the crossbow evolved which made it easier to carry and improved firing accuracy. This highly sought after weapon led to the success of the Han and Song empires.

The Greeks invented crossbow separately in 4th century B.C. The Romans called the weapon arcuballista. Crossbow was a very popular weapon in the Middle Ages as it was strong and accurate and could be used as a sharpshooter weapon. The Arabs call crossbow qaws Ferengi, "Frankish bow", as the Crusaders used crossbow a lot. A good crossbow can shoot the bolt with such immense power that it may pierce armour. Against unarmoured light opponents, even a single bolt may be lethal.

Compared to the ordinary bow, the crossbows have good and bad sides to them. They fire much stronger and much more accurately than ordinary bows, and shooting accurately with a crossbow is easier to learn than shooting with an ordinary bow. On the other hand, because the prod is short and therefore very stiff, a crossbow will take much longer time to load, and a crossbow does not have as good accurate range than a longbow. Many crossbows have crank or windlass mechanisms to pull the string in drawn position. Also many crossbows do have safety mechanisms to prevent an accidental shot.

Crossbow shooting is today a popular sport.

Crossbow Media

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  21st-century hunting compound crossbow

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  Qin and Western Han dynasty crossbow trigger pieces.

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  Medieval European crossbow nut mechanism:

  1. Nut.
  2. String.
  3. Quarrel.
  4. Trigger.
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  16th century crossbow nut excavated at Harburger Schloßstraße, Hamburg-Harburg, Germany

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  The photo was taken by me with a sony cybershot camera.*Digital photograph of a recurve crossbow with ammunition.*The crossbow has a draw weight of 150 lb and uses a Nykron telescopic sight. 2304x1728 pixels

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  moderne Compound-Armbrust des Herstellers Horton Modell "Hunter Supreme" mit 4x32 Zielfernrohr (Barnett); 22' Pfeil mit "Bruin"-Jagdspitze

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  15th-century Wallarmbrust, a heavy crossbow used for siege defense.

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  Arrowheads and lead balls, Han dynasty