| DescriptionIniopera and Callorhynchus.jpg |
English: Reconstruction of muscles in Iniopera (white background) compared with the extant holocephalan Callorhinchus (gray background). (A and B) The skeleton of Iniopera reconstructed in (A) right lateral view and (B) bisected in right lateral view to show branchial and pectoral skeleton. (C and D) Iniopera (C) and Callorhinchus (D) in right lateral view. (E and F) The ventral pharyngeal skeleton of Iniopera (E) and Callorhinchus (F) in dorsal view. (G and H) The ventral pharyngeal skeleton of Iniopera (G) and Callorhinchus (H) in ventral view. (I and J) The right shoulder girdle of Iniopera (I) and Callorhinchus (J) in anterior view. Gray circle shows the position of pectoral fin articulation on scapulocoracoid. Abbreviations: add. mand., adductor mandibularis muscle; antorb., antorbital; basihy., basihyal; cerbr, ceratobranchials; cerhy, ceratohyal; coracohy., coracohyoideus muscle; coracom., coracomandibularis muscle; cuc. sup. cucullaris superficialis muscle; dors. att. surface, dorsal attachment surface of anterior scapulocoracoid; epax., epaxialis muscles; epibr., epibranchials; hypbr., hypobranchials; intercor., intercoracoid element; mandibulohy., mandibulohyoideus muscle; Meck., Meckel’s cartilage; nc., neurocranium; orb., orbit; pec. fin., pectoral fin; prot. dors. pect., protractor dorsalis pectoralis muscle; ret. dors.-pect., retractor dorsalis pectoralis muscle; ret. mes.-vent., retractor mesioventralis muscle; scap., scapulocoracoid; scap. proc., scapular process; suborb., suborbital; sup. suprascapular element; tth. wh., tooth whorl; vent. att. surface, ventral attachment surface of anterior scapulocoracoid; vent. delim., ventral delimitation. As noted in SI Appendix, the retractor mesioventralis in Iniopera may be hypaxial muscles. |